Soil Aggregate Stability in Salt-Affected Vineyards: Depth-Wise Variability Analysis
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land-11-00541
3. Results
3.1. Soil Morphology The soil horizon geometry of all pedological trenches is provided in Table 1 . The first general geometrical characteristic was the overall thickness of soils over 1.0 m depth, with no underlying regolith or rock layer observed within a depth of 1.5 m. The second main geometrical characteristic was the preponderant effect of soil tillage on soil horizon distribution with soil depth. Except for the T1 unit, irrespective of the soil profile, we observed (i) a first Ap-horizon with a thickness that varied from 0.15 to 0.22 m, most likely in relation to superficial and frequent soil tillage operations, and (ii) an underlying organo-mineral (A-horizon) that had a deep underlying boundary between a depth of 0.4 and 0.6 m, most likely in relation to deep tillage. Below this organo-mineral boundary, all soil horizons were of Bk type, followed by mineral horizons with significant carbonate contents. For the G1, G2, and F2 units, these Bk-horizons evolved into Bwk-horizons for deeper and waterlogged (w) mineral horizons. During the soil morphological description, we observed and characterised a generalised compacted layer, at a depth of 0.4 m to 0.6 m. The main soil texture class in almost all soil horizons was silt loam, with an overall decrease in clay fraction with soil depth (Table 1 ). The silt texture fraction was over 50% for all soil depths, except for the G2 unit, that had a layer of sandy texture at a depth over 0.7 m. The soil colour was primarily 7.5 YR4/2 with chroma ranging from 4/2 to 4/3 for brown colour. The shape of the soil structure was sub-angular blocky, except for unit F1, which had a platy shape at a depth greater than 0.9 m. During field description, we observed that soils had a high carbonate content as it sparkled on reaction with hydrochloric acid solution. This field observation was corroborated by laboratory analysis and the measured total carbonate content (Table 1 ). Soils of the study site were low in stoniness (<2%). When proceeding with MWD calculation, this coarse fraction was weighed to correct the MWD values. Land 2022, 11, 541 5 of 13 Table 1. Soil profile horizonation and associated physical and chemical properties. (A—horizon with accumulation of humified organic matter (humic horizon); B—subsurface horizons of illu- vial concentration of different soil components; p—signs of ploughing or other human distur- bance; k—accumulation of pedogenetic carbonates; w—development of colour or structure; GW— gravimetric water). Download 1.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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