Some practice in translation

Context-Free Words	are mainly found among proper and geographical names, titles of magazines and newspapers, names of various firms, organizations, ships, aircraft and the like, as well as among technical terms used by experts in all fields of human Endeavour. Context-free words have an important role to play in the translating process. They usually have permanent equivalents in TL which, in most cases, can be used in TT. Context-free words are often formed by transcription – with possible elements of transliteration or loan translations
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	Conversion and Foregrounding	Conversion – this typical means of Word-building in English is often foregrounded. This mode of Word-building is a typical example of Compression and at the same time it is a means of achieving expressiveness. Conversion is sometimes based on a Free combination of words resulting in a compound. The cat high-tailed away and scrambled over the board fence. (J.Stainbeck). Кот отошел, подняв хвост трубой, и прыгнул через забор. Again a case of Semantic Equivalence but not of Stylistic Equivalence	5
	Covert Translation	is one in which the TT is perceived to be an original ST in the target culture. Such is the case with the guide leaflets distributed to visitors at Chenonceau Castle in the Loire Valley, which seem to have been created individually for an English audience and a French audience, so much so that it is almost impossible to tell which is the ST and which is the TT.