Some practice in translation

Stylistic means and devices present considerable and varied problems for translation. They possess a distinct national character although at first sight they may appear to be identical. Foreground linguistic means give rise to particularly hard problems as specific national language means are brought into play by foregrounding, e.g. articles, suffixes, the Passive Voice, conversion, etc.
The translator must be fully aware of the function of a Stylistic Device and its effect, to be able to reproduce the same effect by other means, if necessary, thus minimizing the inevitable losses due to inherent divergences.
To conclude: Stylistic Equivalence may be achieved by different means and not necessary by the same device.

GLOSSARY

Additions

The tendency towards Compression both in the grammatical system and the lexical system of the English language often makes Additions necessary and indispensable. Much has already been said about Additions that accompany Transpositions and Replacements. This is particularly true in the translation of Infinitive, Participle and Gerundial Complexes. There are other cases when Additions are caused by compressed structures such as the Absolute Possessive, Attributes formed by Juxtaposition [N1 + N2] structures and by Attributive groups. The model [N1 + N2] often requires Additions in translation: riot police – специальные отряды полиции для подавления уличных беспорядков; death vehicle – автомашина, убившая прохожего, bare beaches – пляжи, где можно купаться без костюмов.