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iasosbul i shi gavasuvdayaxshier i shi gasababni mau- degansavol ga- i shqor i ymet al li onl ar i ni ngzar yadiki chi kvar adi usi kat t a,debj avobber ami z. 2.3.Nat r i yvauni ngbi r i kmal ar i niol i ni shivaxossal ar i Nat r i ygi dr i d NaH - nat r i ynivodor od aymosf er asi daqi zdi r i sh nat i j asi dahosi lbo’ l adi .Suvt a’ si r i da par chal anadi . Nat r i yyongani da ,asosan, nat r i yper oksi dNa 2 O 2 ( vaj uda oz mi qdor da Na 2 O ) hosi lbo’ l adi . Na 2 O bevosi t ayo’ l l arbi l anol i nadi . 2Na+2NaOH 2Na 2 O +H 2 2Na+Na 2 O 2 2Na 2 O Nat r i y per oksi d-kuchl i oksi dl ovchi l ar qat or i ga ki r adi . . U suvda gi dr ol i zl anadi . Uni ngsuvdagier i t masii shqor i ymuhi tyar at adi : Na 2 O 2 +2H 2 O 2NaOH +H 2 O 2 Nat r i yper oksi d t ur l imat ol ar nioqar t i r i shda i shl at i l adi . Nat r i y per oksi d suvost ikemal ar i da ki sl or od manbaisi f at i da i shl at i l adi , uni ngbuxossasiquyi dagir eaksi yagaasosl angan: 2Na 2 O 2 + 2CO 2 - Na 2 CO 3 +O 2 Nat r i ygi dr oksi dNaOH -uyuvchinat r i yyokikaust i ksodadeb xam at al adi .Okt usl iqat t i qmodda.Labor at or i yadaNaOHol i shuchun nat r i y 2КMn +7 0 4 +l ONaCl - 1 +8H 2 S0 4 =K 2 S0 4 +5Na 2 S0 4 +2Mn +2 S0 4 +5C1 2 ° 8H 2 0 Ni SO 4 +2NaOH=Ni ( OH) 2 +Na 2 SO 4 NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H 2 O Ni Cl 2 +2NaOH=Ni ( OH) 2 +2NaCl CuCl 2 +NaOH=Cu( OH) Cl+NaCl suvdaer i t i l adi . Texni kada esa2xi lusulbi l anol i nadi : 1)Sodanikaust i kl ash; 2)osht uzi ni ngsuvdagiei t masi niel ekt r ol i zqi l i sh: Na 2 CO 3 +Ca( OH) 2 2NaOH +CaCO 3 NaOH t er i nikuydi r adi ,ko’ zgat ushsa ko’ rqi l adi . Ubi l an i shl aganda eht i yot bo’ l i sh ker ak. Nat r i y gi dr oksi d sovun t ayyor l ashda,t o’ qi machi l i k va ko’ nchi l i k sanoat i da or gani k moddal arol i shda, neft nit ozal ashda vaboshqa maqsadl ar da i shl at i l adi . Osht uziNaCL-Nat r i yni ng bar chabi r i kmal ar i niol i shdaHCL i shl ab chi qar i shda j udamuhi m xom ashyo hi sobl anadi .Tabi at da ani q shakl l angan kub kr i st al l ar i( t osht uz,gal i t )hol i da uchr aydi . Ko’ pi nchat osht uz havor ang bo’ l adi . Nat r i y bi kar bonat ,i chi ml i k soda — NaHCO 3 r angsi z monokl i n panj ar al i kr i st al lmodda,zi chl i gi2, 16—2, 22g/sm3.Qi zdi r i l ganda50°dayoq oʻ zi dan kar bonatangi dr i dCO 2 nichi qar aboshl aydi .100—150°da but unl aypar chal a- ni b,nat r i ykar bonatNa 2 CO 3 gaayl anadi .Suvda20° da8, 8%,60°da14, 1% er i ydi .Nat r i ykar bonat gaCO 2 t aʼ si ret t i r i b ol i nadi .Ozi q- ovqatsanoat i da,t i bbi yot davaoʻ toʻ chi r uvchimodda si f at i dai shl at i l adi .Nat r i ybr omi d,NaBr—br omi dki sl ot ani ngnat r i yl i t uzi .Rangsi z gi gr oskopi k kr i st al lmodda,zi chl i gi3, 20 g/sm3, suyuql ani sht emper at ur asi 747°, qaynasht emper at ur asi1390°. Suvdayaxshier i ydi ,30°danpastt emper at ur adaNaBr - 2H 2 O hol i da kr i st al l anadi .NaOHer i t masiBr t aʼ si ret t i r i bol i nadi . Opt i kmat er i al si fat i da,t i bbi yot da vafot ogr afi yada i shl at i l adi . Nat r i yyodi d,NaJ—r angsi zkr i st al lmodda,zi chl i gi3, 665g/sm3, suyuql ani sh t emper at ur asi662°,kaynash t emper at ur asi1307°. Yor ugʻ l i kda xavodagiki sl or od bi l an oksi dl ani b,er ki n yod aj r at i b sar gʻ ayadi .Suvda20°da64, 1%,100°da75, 1% er i ydi .Suvbi l an kr i st al l ogi d- r at l arhosi lqi l adi :NaJ- 5H 2 O,NaJ- 2H 2 O.Met i lva et i l spi r t i da,at set ondaer i ydi .Fe 3 JH bi l anNaCO 3 oʻ r t asi dagial mashi sh r eaksi yasiasosi daol i nadi .Ti bbi yot dayodpr epar at isi f at i daqoʻ l l anadi . Nat r i y si l i kat l ar— si l i katki sl ot al ar ni ng nat r i yl it uzl ar i ,nat r i y met asi l i kat( Na 2 Si O 3 ) ,nat r i yor t osi l i kat( Na 4 Si O 4 ) , nat r i ypi r osi l i kat ( Na 6 Si 0 7 ) , nat r i ybi si l i kat( Na 2 Si O 5 ) ,nat r i yt r i si l i kat( Na 2 Si 3 O 7 ) . Suvda er i ganda quyuq kol l oi d er i t ma hosi l qi l adi .Nat r i y met asi l i kat ni ng1,5,6,8va9mol ekul asuvl i ,nat r i ypi r osi l i kat ni ng 3,5va11mol ekul asuvl iki sl ot al l ogi dr at l ar imavj ud. Nat r i ymet asi l i katshi shasi monamor Download 0.56 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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