Streetonomics: Quantifying culture using street names
Editor: Jose Javier Ramasco, Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, SPAIN Received
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Streetonomics Quantifying culture using street nam
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Editor: Jose Javier Ramasco, Instituto de Fisica
Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, SPAIN Received: September 25, 2020 Accepted: May 23, 2021 Published: June 30, 2021 Copyright: © 2021 Bancilhon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All data are fully available without restriction. The datasets used in the analyses are available on the project’s site: http://social-dynamics.net/streetonomics/ . Funding: Nokia Bell Labs provided support in the form of salaries for authors [MC, LMA, DQ], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. creative potential (e.g., conditions that enable creative processes to thrive), and they did so for multiple European cities. We connect these two veins of research by proposing ‘streetonomics’ ( http://social- dynamics.net/streetonomics/ ), an alternative way of quantifying cultural indicators using a type of urban features that is visible yet often overlooked: street names. “The main merit of commemorative street names is that they introduce an authorized version of history into ordi- nary settings of everyday life”, as Azaryahu [ 5 ] put it. Street names are more than spatial indi- cators, and, since the beginning of time, rulers have used spatial engineering as a form of social engineering. As a result, street names mirror a city’s social, cultural, political, and even reli- gious values [ 6 ]. For the first time, we combined heterogeneous open-data sources to offer a unique and cheap way to study the footprint of a city’s cultural dimension through time and space. This approach could offer tools that would not only create dwellers’ awareness of the ‘historical memory’ of a city, but would also be used by public authorities to reflect on past street-naming decisions and to inform future ones. In doing so, we made three main contributions: • We formulated four main research questions (§3) that are meant to quantify: i) gender biases in naming streets; ii) whether streets speak to a distant past vs. a closer present; iii) which professions have been historically celebrated and which eventually died off; and iv) whether culture historically had a local vs. global focus. • We curated and made publicly available a dataset containing street names and information about the figures—‘honorees’—these streets were named after (§4). The dataset contains 4,932 streets in the cities of Paris, Vienna, London, and New York. • As we hypothesized, we found that street names reflect the value system of a society (§5). Street names are gender-biased against women in two cities: the highest female proportion is found in Vienna (54%), followed by London (40%), then Paris (32%), and then New York (26%). Streets speak to a distant past, all the more so for those in London, Vienna and in Paris rather than those in New York. Certain professions have been consistently celebrated over centuries (e.g., artists, scientists, and writers), while others went out of fashion (e.g., mil- itary). Finally, based on the number of streets named after foreigners, among the four cities, Vienna was the city that celebrated nations other than its own. Download 197.36 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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