Stress in english words introduction

noun
verb
abstract			 
conduct	: kt/		 nkt/
contract	:  		 
contrast	/:  		 
desert	  		 : 
escort	:   		 : 
export	:  		 : 
import	:   		 : 
insult	  		 
object	:   		 
perfect	:  		 
permit	:   		 
present	 		 
produce	:   		 : 
protest	 		 
rebel	 		 
record	  		 : 
subject	 		  

2.) To distinguish between a compound word (two words are joined to form a new word). And a noun phrase.
For example:
GREENhouse (a building with glass sides and a glass roof for glowing plants) = a compound
a green HOUSE (a house which is painted green) = a noun phrase

Stress on the first word	Stress on the second word
QUIET room e.g. The quiet room is for private study	quiet ROOM e.g. This is a nice quiet room where we can talk.
BLACKbird e.g. There is a black bird on the lawn.	black BIRD e.g. Look at the big black bird there.
RAINfall e.g. the rainfall is expected to increase.	rain FALL e.g. Did it rain yesterday?
WHITE house e.g. US president lives in the White house	white HOUSE e.g. I mean the white house over the corner.
HOT dog (a type of food) e.g. I ordered hot dog for lunch.	hot DOG (an over heated animal)
ENGLISH teacher e.g. My teacher’s nationality is English.	English TEACHER e.g. My teacher teaches English.

3.) To be associated with grammatical structures of words. This part deals with suffixes. It means that some prefixes can change the stress patterns within words. For example, when suffix –ation is added to the words apPREciate, inFORM, proNOUNCE, CLArify, CLASsify, stress is shifted to the suffix-ation such as appreciAtion, informAtion, pronunciAtion, clarificAtion, classificAtion.
Suffixes are much easier to predict than prefixes. However, as there are many suffixes, we will look at only the common and productive suffixes. Suffixes carrying primary stress

‘-ee’:	adVISE				adviSEE
	emPLOY				emploYEE
	interVIEW				intervieWEE
	eVACuate				evacuEE
	ABsent				absentEE
‘-eer’:	MOUNtain				mountainEER
‘-ese’:	CHIna				ChiNESE
	JaPAN				JapaNESE
‘-esque’:	PICture				pictuRESQUE

‘-ation’: conTInue continuAtion
inFORM informAtion CLASsify classificAtion CLArify clarificAtion asSOciate associAtion acCELerate accelerAtion

Suffixes that do not affect stress placement

‘-able’:	COMfort					COMfortable
	CURE					CUrable
	PRINT					PRINtable
	apPLY					apPLICable
	SOcial					SOciable
‘-age’:	perCENT					perCENtage
	POST					POStage
‘-al’:	reFUSE					reFUsal
	arRIVE					arRIval
	reMOVE					reMOVal
	reHEARSE					reHEARSal
	MUsic					MUsical
	deNY					deNIal
‘-en’:	SHORT					SHORten
	WEAK					WEAken
	STRENGTH						STRENthen
	BROAD						BROAden
	SWEET						SWEEten
‘-ful’:	BEAUTy						BEAUtiful
	SPOON						SPOONful
	MIND						MINDful
	PIty						PItiful
‘-ing’:	MARket						MARketing
	preSENT						preSENting
	ADvertise						ADvertising
	WOrry						WOrrying
	Open						Opening
‘-ish’:	YELlow						YELlowish
	BAby						BAbyish
	BLUE						BLUish
	SELF					SELfish
	TURkey					TURkish
	SWEden					SWEdish
‘-ive’:	aBUSE					aBUSsive
	creATE					creAtive
	preVENT					preVENtive
	atTEND					atTENtive
	deCIDE					decisive
‘-like’:	CHILD					CHILDlike
	WAR					WARlike
	LAdy					Ladylike
‘-ly’:	FREquent					FREquently
	ACtual					Actually
	SECret					SECretly
	inCREASing						inCREASingly
	resPECtive						resPECtively
	HAbitual						HAbitually
‘-ment’:	exCITE						exCITEment
	GOVern						GOVernment
	aMUSE						aMUSEment
	enterTAIN						enterTAINment
‘-ness’:	HAPpy						HAPpyness
	LONly						LONliness
	YELlow						YOLlowness
‘-ous’:	DANger						DANgerous
	POIson						POIsonous
‘-wise’:	CLOCK						CLOCKwise

Suffixes that influence stress in the stem: in this case the primary stress is on the last syllable of the stem.

‘-ic’:	CLImate				cliMAtic
	HEro				heROic
	GIant				giGANtic
	ROmance				roMANtic
	PHOneme				phoNEmic
‘-eous’:	adVANtage				advanTAgeous

4. 
   To give special emphasis. For example, the request, “Pass me the salt.” Can have two contrast meaning depending on where the speaker put the stress or give the emphasis. If the speaker puts the stress on the word, “me”, it means “pass the salt to me not to him to her or someone else.” And if the speaker emphasizes on “salt. “ it means “pass me the salt, not sugar, sauce or something else.” This function of stress will be discussed further in sentence stress in
   

1. Identify which of the words below with correct placement of stress?

A)pro' 'fes sion B)pro' fes sion C)pro ‘fes sion D)pro fes’ sion
2. What makes a syllable prominent?
A) placement of stress, level of stress B) word class category
C) unstressed, stress, strong, weak D) length, loudness, pitch, quality
3. When a three-syllable noun has a strong final syllable, how that syllable will receive the stress?
A) three-syllable noun must receive the main stress
B) three-syllable noun will not usually receive the main stress
C) three-syllable noun will receive the secondary stress
D) three-syllable noun will not receive the secondary stress
4. There are 3 levels of stress....
A) tertiary, secondary, firstly B) primary, secondary, tertiary
C) firstly, secondly, thirdly D) primary, secondary, thirdly
5. Voting in elections is your most important duty.
A) IM-por-tant B) im-POR-tant D) im-por-TANT
6. Choose the word whose stress in different from the others.
A) country B) woman C) widen D) depend
7. Choose the word whose stress in different from the others.
A) open B) employ C) access D) against
8. Which of these words is most similar to word stress?
A) inflection B) punctuation C) emotion D) alphabet
9. Which of these is a nearly universal rule of word stress?
A) stress occurs on the vowel
B) all multi-syllabic words have two primary syllables that are stressed
C) nouns and adjectives are always stressed differently
D) verbs never contain a stressed syllable
10. In English, the placement of stress in two-syllable words is most often defined by what?
A) the prefix of that word
B) whether the word is a noun, adjective or verb
C) the accident of the accent mark
D) whether the word root is Latin or German

1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.B