Structural reforms in the economy and modernization of the economy

Abbos:

Structural reforms in the economy and modernization of the economy

further deepening is associated with the expansion of its scope

in the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the problem

- Microeconomics plays an important role. Especially today

Changes in consumer demand are being created in the real sector

pricing of goods and services, maximization of profits,

decision-making in conditions of uncertainty, as well as price and other

The essence of the elasticity of supply and demand depending on the factors,

Microeconomics plays a special role in the systematic analysis of the state intervention in the market, the establishment of minimum and maximum prices for goods and their consequences, the causal relationship of views.

There are also many developed and world today

Undoubtedly, the experience of leading countries in the economy

proves to achieve competitiveness and world markets

exit, first of all, gradual reform of the economy, deepening of structural transformation and diversification, high

new technology-based enterprises and production

Ensuring the rapid development of existing industries

capacity modernization and technical renewal processes

can be done at the expense of acceleration.

In the "Strategy of actions on five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021", approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 No PF-4947, modernization and technical renewal of production It is planned to apply innovative technologies, diversify the range of products, carry out profound structural changes and take consistent measures to strengthen the competitiveness of the industry.

Demand that directly affects the activities of market economy entities

and supply, utility and consumer attitudes to market prices, production costs and product prices, forms of competition, factors of production and their rational use, the general balance and the role of the state in market management, and a number of other issues are addressed.1‌‌

It is necessary to clearly classify revenues by sources of revenue to determine from which source the bulk of revenues and revenues for the reporting period came. By analyzing the share of each source in total revenue, you can understand whether this part of the business will bring you the expected revenue as you planned to start. After that, measures are taken to change or improve this or that part of the enterprise. So where (as a result) did the company start making a profit? Let us consider two main types of income: Income from the sale of products or services; Inactive income. We will briefly describe and describe the main ways to increase these revenues. Revenues from sales are included in revenues from the sale of goods, works, services, as well as proceeds from the sale of property and property rights. These types of income should remain a major component of a company’s revenue structure because it was created for that purpose. However, sales revenue is difficult to predict at an early stage. In the conditions of market competition, the loss of a single customer (buyer) leads to a decrease in sales revenue. Therefore, the amount of income you receive today does not guarantee that you will achieve the same result tomorrow. In order to retain existing customers and attract new jobs, it is very important to use this income to further develop your business, especially when starting a business. This development can be expressed as follows:

Increase in the volume of products and distribution points; Additional services, introduction of related products; Product improvement and / or customer service, etc. Improving your customer information about your company, its product (service). Work is always dangerous, but it can also be minimized. If you take a closer look at the market you are working in, you can determine how reasonable the increase in the volume of goods (services) is and when it was not. In many cases, this is the revenue of your target audience and their satisfaction with what and how you are doing. Perhaps the initial proceeds should be sent to improve the product or service. Let’s continue with the second type of income. Revenue from sales is income that is not related to the production and sale of basic products, interest received, fines and penalties. This includes certain types of income: leasing or distribution of property from the capital participation of other organizations, and so on. Inactive income is abundant and all of them are the result of the natural activity of the enterprise in the economic sphere. Making inactive income often happens at the stage of running a business, but probably at the beginning. I am convinced that people who do business and start with passion in start-ups will do some work for the future, even without paying for it. Start-up entrepreneurs should consider this work as enterprise income. And it needs to be evaluated and applied competently for the benefit of the business.

2.1 ANNUAL INCOME CONCEPT

Annual income is a broader concept than net income. In its main part, it is close to the concept of annual income. Reflects the amount of money a company receives through the sale of goods and services to its customers over the course of a year. Revenue always includes all of a company’s costs in the production and sales process, rather than net profit. Sources of income can be income from the sale of goods or services, investment or financial activities. The stated value refers to the income from operating activities because it is the person who determines the meaning of the existence of the enterprise. The amount of annual revenue depends on the effectiveness of the company’s range, sales, pricing and marketing policies. Income, minus taxes, consumption and investment purposes f

can be reversed. The consumer fund is focused on payments and other payments. The investment fund serves as a source of development and diversification of the company's activities. The calculation of marginal profit is an important component of rapid analysis, especially in enterprises that produce multiple products. To assess which one of them brings the maximum income, you need to determine the marginal revenue for each person. Guidelines Marginal income represents the total value of an enterprise’s net profit and the amount to cover fixed production costs. Fixed costs are not related to the amount of expenditure, but are directly related to time. This includes, for example, rent and security of buildings, tax payments, and so on. Thus, the calculation of the formula looks like this: MP = PE - ZPER, where MP is MPN revenue, Pe is net income, Zp is variable cost. The larger the output volume, the lower the ratio of the fixed value to its unit, and vice versa. This, in turn, affects the reduction or reduction of value. The sale of the unit value of goods is called the breaking point of the physical volume, which almost covers the cost of sales. From the formula it does not follow the exact amount of marginal income depends directly on the price, on the contrary, the difference in the purchase price of raw materials and the sale price of the finished product. Thus, there are two ways to increase potential revenue: purchase cheaper materials, expand production, or increase designation. These two methods may seem attractive to any entrepreneur, but it is not easy to do in the real market. First, there is price competition in the market, in which a marginal price is set at a specific point where the price cannot rise. In addition, certain restrictions are imposed by the state. Second, due to cheap materials, product quality also declines, so sooner or later demand falls, and sales volume does not meet the forecast. In this case, the costs can be twofold: swapping a commodity for another (for companies with a narrow focus) or concentrating production forces on it by calculating which of several items sells better. Calculate the marginal profit share for each type of product. See which firm they contribute the most to revenue. Based on the information received, prioritize the product

is formed.

Ways to increase the profitability of the firm

There are classic principles in which an enterprise can increase its revenue. In what direction should you work? To do this: Develop and implement new ideas to attract customers (organize exhibitions and sales, organize expert advice on your product or service); Improving the skills of your employees will go hand in hand with increasing their productivity; creation of an effective system of financial incentives for employees; continuous improvement of service culture, ensuring the completeness of product types; Constantly analyzing the work of competitors, identifying their strengths and weaknesses, and so on. Reduce the level of distribution costs (i.e., their size in the price of each product). This can be achieved by increasing sales of goods, the implementation of domestic reserves, increasing their reserves;

In order to treat the money sparingly, they promise a quick return with a high risk of not returning the income without engaging them in dubious transactions. For successful business development, it is necessary to ensure the profitability of each commercial transaction: it is advisable to offer a balanced approach in selecting suppliers, determining the optimal batch and purchase price of goods, and ensuring fair spending of funds. Take these important things carefully first!

Another important principle of income generation is its turnover. Money is the lifeblood of the economy, so both sales and non-sales revenue should flow through the important arteries of your business and gain new strength. What do these arteries do for you? The income an entrepreneur receives from the sale of his products is called his gross income or gross income.

Total revenue depends on the price of goods sold and the quantity of goods sold. These two quantities (price and sales) are inversely related. What an entrepreneur spends to purchase efficient resources shapes his or her costs or expenses. The difference between income and expenses is business income. We know that costs are related to payments made to non-enterprise resource owners, and internal wages are alternatively rewarded to their owner. In economic theory, entrepreneurial ability is commonly referred to as ordinary income. If the entrepreneur does not have a normal income, then it is better not to engage in this business. There are accounting and economic benefits. accounting profit is the difference between income from the sale of a product and external expenses. Economic benefit is the difference between total income and the amount of external and internal costs, including normal profits. The economic benefit is less than the accounting income in terms of the amount of internal expenses. In addition to prices, profit formation is influenced by tariffs, payments, interest rates on loans, fixed costs, labor productivity, return on assets, working capital turnover and many other factors.

The accounting approach to income generation is important for analyzing existing business activities, calculating taxation, depreciation costs, and more. The economic approach plays an important role in the organization of the business, allowing the entrepreneur to verify the correctness of the chosen direction. The main task of the company is to choose the optimal volume of production that will allow you to maximize profits. When considering the issue of profit, such a concept should be considered as the firm’s revenue or earnings. Distinguish gross income, average and marginal income. Gross profit (TR - total income) is the total income from the sale (sale) of the total product. A firm's total revenue is determined by multiplying the price of the goods sold by the number of products the firm can sell.

: where R - unit price, rub; Q is the volume of products sold. Average income (AR - average income) - income from a unit of expenditure determined by the distribution of total income by volume (quantity) of products sold (sold): Marginal income (MR) - with an increase in production per unit increase in total income: where D is the increase in total income; DQ is the increase in costs.

Profit maximization can be achieved by maximizing the difference between total revenue (TR revenue) and total expenses (TC) over the sales period. We use a graph to show the principle of comparing total revenue and total costs. (Figure 1)

There are classic principles in which an enterprise can increase its revenue. In what direction should you work? To do this: Develop and implement new ideas to attract customers (organize exhibitions and sales, organize expert advice on your product or service); Improving the skills of your employees will go hand in hand with increasing their productivity; creation of an effective system of financial incentives for employees; continuous improvement of service culture, ensuring the completeness of product types; Constantly analyzing the work of competitors, identifying their strengths and weaknesses, and so on. Reduce the level of distribution costs (i.e., their size in the price of each product). This can be achieved by increasing sales of goods, the implementation of domestic reserves, increasing their reserves;

In order to treat the money sparingly, they promise a quick return with a high risk of not returning the income without engaging them in dubious transactions. For successful business development, it is necessary to ensure the profitability of each commercial transaction: it is advisable to offer a balanced approach in selecting suppliers, determining the optimal batch and purchase price of goods, and ensuring fair spending of funds. Take these important things carefully first!

Another important principle of income generation is its turnover. Money is the lifeblood of the economy, so both sales and non-sales revenue should flow through the important arteries of your business and gain new strength. What do these arteries do for you? The income an entrepreneur receives from the sale of his products is called his gross income or gross income. Total revenue depends on the price of goods sold and the quantity of goods sold. These two quantities (price and sales) are inversely related. What an entrepreneur spends to purchase efficient resources shapes his or her costs or expenses. The difference between income and expenses is business income. We know that costs are related to payments made to non-enterprise resource owners, and internal wages are alternatively rewarded to their owner. In economic theory, entrepreneurial ability is commonly referred to as ordinary income. If the entrepreneur does not have a normal income, then it is better not to engage in this business. There are accounting and economic benefits. accounting profit is the difference between income from the sale of a product and external expenses. Economic benefit is the difference between total income and the amount of external and internal costs, including normal profits. The economic benefit is less than the accounting income in terms of the amount of internal expenses. In addition to prices, profit formation is influenced by tariffs, payments, interest rates on loans, fixed costs, labor productivity, return on assets, working capital turnover and many other factors.

The accounting approach to income generation is important for analyzing existing business activities, calculating taxation, depreciation costs, and more. The economic approach plays an important role in the organization of the business, allowing the entrepreneur to verify the correctness of the chosen direction. The main task of the company is to choose the optimal volume of production that will allow you to maximize profits. When considering the issue of profit, such a concept should be considered as the firm’s revenue or earnings. Distinguish gross income, average and marginal income. Gross profit (TR - total income) is the total income from the sale (sale) of the total product. The total income of a firm is determined by multiplying the price of the goods sold by the number of products the firm can sell: where R is the unit price, rub; Q - sold

volume of gan products. Average income (AR - average income) - income from a unit of expenditure determined by the distribution of total income by volume (quantity) of products sold (sold): Marginal income (MR) - with an increase in production per unit increase in total income: where D is the increase in total income; DQ is the increase in costs.

Profit maximization can be achieved by maximizing the difference between total revenue (TR revenue) and total expenses (TC) over the sales period. We use a graph to show the principle of comparing total revenue and total costs. (Figure 1)

It should be noted that in order for any company to have a place in the market economy, first of all, it is necessary to produce competitive and affordable quality products. The cost of the product should be set at a price not less than three. This will make it easier for consumers to buy each product.

It is expedient for the enterprise to produce its products in the volume determined by the demand. First of all, the company should be provided with experienced staff. At the same time, it is necessary to use the income effectively. It is necessary to pay attention to the advertising and quality of each manufactured product and raw material. Then the turnover of the enterprise will be normal.

List of used literature

PF of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017

H Strategy of actions on five priority directions of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, approved by the Decree No. 4947. Lex.uz

B.T. Salimov, M.S. Yusupov, B.B. Salimov. Microeconomics.

Textbook. –T .: Economy, 2019, - 366 p.

: Https://buhconsul.ru/uz/the-enterprises-income-is-what-types-of-income-of-the-enterprise/

1 “Strategy of actions on five priority directions of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-4947 dated February 7, 2017” Lex.uz