Subject: automation systems design stages

SUBJECT: AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
DESIGN STAGES
PLAN:

1. AUTOMATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES

PRINCIPAL SCHEMES
2. MODERN TECHNOLOGY. COMPUTER
3. CONCLUSION. REFERENCES
Construction of new industrial facilities and reconstruction of existing enterprises
will be implemented on the basis of the project. The project is from the complex of technical documentation
consists of the need to build or rebuild the object
preparation of non-standard equipment, supporting documents in principle
necessary for, as well as all types of construction and assembly and
necessary calculations to carry out adjustment work and
includes drawings.
Depending on the complexity of the object under construction, the project is known
made up of parts. Engineering in the project - economic, technological, construction,
there can be parts such as plumbing, electricity, automation. Technological processes that are part of the automation project
control and automatic adjustment and control part to this field
is carried out by the automation department (group) of a specialized organization or technological design institute. This project is technological
rational operation of processes and safety in the operation of equipment
includes control-measuring devices, adjusters, automation and signaling devices, technical documents used in the designed object.
The organization that creates the technological part of the project during the design process
and or the assignment given by the customer serves as a basis. Some
the executioner of the automation project in the creation of the task at times
organization is also involved. Design tasks include: a)
the composition of the object being designed, a summary of the technological process
description, characteristics of devices and equipment; b) environment
the result of controlled and adjustable quantities, with a description; c) permissible errors in control and adjustment and
functional signs of devices (display, recording, integration, signaling, etc.).
Design of control, automatic adjustment and control systems
can be done according to special instructions.
Technological objects of management (BTO) are detailed at the design stage of automation systems of production processes
should be analyzed. In this case, the analysis system
technical equipment of the production process and
technology, raw materials, and finished product quality,
it is necessary to consider research from the point of view of organization of process management. Analysis
technological process of precise production
processes are studied, the quantities representing the process are determined, the interrelation between them
connection is found.
Figure 21.1. Management
technological as an object
process
The current state of the BTO (Fig. 21.1) is determined by the following quantities:
primary products (raw materials or previous technological process
product) and Xv representing the quality and quantity of energy flows
X,, ..., X input quantities; 23 7 P 7
Yv Y2, representing the state of the considered process (temperature, consumption, pressure) and properties (density, viscosity, pH). . . Exit
sizes;
Up U2, ... . Flour-correcting effects, technological mode with their help
is held.
The results of the BTO analysis are to clarify the specific issues of the effective structure of the automation system. Automation system
the simplest structures are centralized systems with one equation
(Fig. 21.2, a). Such systems are functional technological processes (TJ).
used in unconnected or weakly interconnected productions. In these systems, for each plot or production
individual (personal) control points (BP) will be created for the unit, they will be equipped with all the tools necessary for automation.
The following tasks are solved in them: measurement of technological quantities and
control, signaling about their limit values, technological
to maintain the parameters determined by the regulation. In these systems
for one type of TJs (for example, equipment for the heating process)
to the difference in the properties of the product being processed
however, common automation solutions are used.
Satisfying the automation system with the necessary and sufficiently accurate information is in the correct selection of adjustable parameters and control points.
At present, the automation of production processes is represented by different levels of equipment of automation systems. Technological management objects — aggregates, devices, production
production systems and workshops — centralized automatio
The basic scheme of automation is the main technical project
document, which is the level of automation of the technological device and
shows the principle. It is at the initial stage of creating a management system
all accepted principled solutions are expressed. Drawing
control object, control, adjustment, program control, signaling,
about tools used in blocking, protection and automation
should give understanding. Typically alarming, blocking and protection
will be expanded in special drawings. Management in principle drawings
bodies and technological devices along with communications
drawings, automation tools, various technological units
the interrelationships between devices and a
2.A computer (English: computer - "I calculate") is an automatic device that works according to a predetermined program. The same term as electronic calculator (EHM). However, in addition to performing computer calculations, its function is much wider. Several generations of computers can be shown in the development of EHMs. These generations differ from each other in terms of types of elements, constructive-technological features, logical structure, software support, technical details, ease of use of equipment. In the first generation of computers (Ural-1, Minsk-2, BSEM-2), the main element was an electronic lamp, so it occupied a very large space. Then a computer using transistors instead of a lamp (Razdan-2, M-220, Minsk-22, etc.), a computer using integrated circuits (IBM-360, 1BM-370, (USA), YESEVM (Russia), etc.), with a high degree of integration personal computers with built-in integrated circuits appeared. The concept of a personal computer (micro and -micro EHM) began to spread widely from the end of the 70s of the 20th century. In the next generations of personal computers, microelectronics and biocircuits were used; their size is reduced to the size of a book, and their mass is 3 .5 kg. In 1981, IBM began to develop more advanced models of the personal computer. Later, other companies created the PC with IBM, and Apple created the Macintosh (pronounced "Mackintosh") or simply "maki". At the beginning of the 21st century, tens of millions of personal computers, about 1 million EHM (including several dozen superEVMs) in the world was Computers differ from each other in the composition and description of the components used to solve problems. A computer with powerful devices is used to solve complex problems, and a computer with a typewriter is used to print documents. Any computer consists of a system unit, a monitor and a keyboard. Other devices are connected as needed. The system block contains the important parts necessary for the operation of the computer (disk perform logical operations), and the rest of the devices are connected to it. The monitor (display) displays information on the screen in the form of text and various images
utomation tools are shown schematically

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