- Sonority theory
- Prominence theory ( prosodic theory)
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- Chest pulse theory
Sonoroty theory - The term sonority;
- The sonority of a speech sound is discussed as “its relative loudness compared to other sounds” (Giegerich, 1992: 132) .
Sonority theory - An approach towards understanding syllable is presented by sonority theory.
- According to this theory the pulses of pulmonic air stream (the flow of air from the lungs under comparatively constant pressure, used in forming speech sounds) in speech “correspond to peaks in sonority”
Thus according to this theory… - each syllable corresponds to a peak in the flow rate of pulmonic air.
- Thus nuclear elements, or syllabic segments can be described as intrinsically more sonorous than marginal, or non-syllabic elements.
Sonority hierarchy - Speech sounds can be ranked in terms of their intrinsic sonority according to a sonority scale( the degree of sonority of different classes of sounds affect their possible positions in the syllable)
Sonority hierarchy - The sonority scale for English is given below (although in principle it is also valid for other languages).
- Voiced segments are more sonorous than voiceless ones and sonorants are more sonorous than obstruents;
- vowels are more sonorous than consonants,
- open vowels being more sonorous than close ones.
- The disyllabic word painting /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/ has been plotted onto the sonority scale as an example.
Sonority Hierarchy - A more plausible account, however, is offered by the “Sonority Hierarchy”:
- 4 Vowels Most Sonorous
- 3 Liquids
- 2 Nasals
- 1 Obstruents Least Sonorous
- The Syllable Sonority Profile:
- i - rises
- ii - reaches a peak
- iii - falls
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