Synchronic and diachronic approaches to the study of word formation contents chapter I

The Bibliography includes the alphabetical list of the sources used to carry out the work on the subject matter of the course paper

Chapter one:
1.1 The development of word formation
¹Word formation in linguistics refers to the processes by which new words are created from existing words or morphemes, notably in the fields of morphology and lexicology. Derivational morphology is yet another name for this.
Word formation can be seen synchronically or diachronically (across many historical eras), and it can refer to either a condition or a process (at one particular period in time).
David Crystal describes word constructions in The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language as follows:

The majority of English vocabulary is created by changing existing lexemes into new ones. This can be done by changing the word class of existing forms, adding an affix, or combining lexemes to create compounds. Both lexicologists and grammarians are interested in these constructional processes, but word-formation plays a unique role in the evolution of the lexicon. Almost every lexeme, whether Anglo-Saxon or foreign, can be given an affix, have its word class changed, or contribute to the creation of a new word.

Pavol Stekauer and Rochelle Lieber write in the prologue to the Handbook of Word-Formation:
"The year 1960 saw a revival—some might even say a resurrection—of this significant area of linguistic study after years of full or partial neglect of concerns relating word construction (by which we mean principally derivation, compounding, and conversion). Both Lee's Grammar of English Nominalizations and Marchand's Categories and Types of Present-Day English Word-Formation in Europe inspired systematic field study despite being produced within quite distinct theoretical frameworks (structuralist vs. transformationalist). As a result, throughout the next decades, a significant number of key publications appeared, expanding and deepening the field of word-formation study and advancing knowledge in this fascinating branch of human language."
Unraveling the Cognitive in Word Formation is covered in the introduction. Alexander Onysko and Sascha Michel's book, Cognitive Perspectives on Word Formation, explains:
"Recent voices that emphasize the necessity of looking at word production in the context of cognitive processes can be read from one of two broad angles. They first show that a cognitive view and a structural approach to word architecture are not mutually exclusive. Instead, both viewpoints attempt to identify linguistic patterns. They differ in their fundamental understanding of how language is stored in the mind and the vocabulary they use to describe the processes. The self-organizing character of people and their language is conceded to in great detail by cognitive linguistics, in contrast to generative-structuralist viewpoints, which see external limits as predetermined by the institutionalized structure of human interaction."
Morphology, the study of word development, teaches us how new words are created. The act of producing a new term by modifying an existing word or by coining a new word is known as word formation in linguistics. In other words, it describes the processes through which new words are created based on existing ones.
The process of word production can be accomplished in a variety of methods, including as coinage, compounding, borrowing, blending, acronyms, clipping, contraction, backformation, affixation, and conversion.
This collection includes two works by René de Saussure, the younger brother of Ferdinand de Saussure, that provide a broad theory of words and their structure. These articles are obviously meant to express a general account of word production in natural language, despite their origins in René de Saussure's concerns about the Esperanto language's structure. They are presented here in the French original with facing English translations, with some remarks on René de Saussure's life and essays on the Esperantist background of his analysis (by Marc van Oostendorp), the contemporary applicability of his morphological theory (by Stephen Anderson), and the semantic theory of words that underlies his analysis (by Stephen Anderson) (by Louis de Saussure). For the most part, the academic community has been unaware of these two works. Although Esperantists have been aware of these two publications since their publication in 1911 and 1919, respectively, the mainstream linguistics community has mostly remained unaware of them. They establish a hypothesis of what would eventually be known as morphemic analysis in rather detailed form, mostly using data from French (with some material from German and English, as well as occasional examples from other Indo-European languages). René's perspective on word formation was fundamentally different from his brother's, who believed that the relationships between words—relations that could be presented in analogous form and foreshadow rule-based theories of morphological structure—were where the structure of complex words was revealed rather than through their breakdown into smaller "atomic" units.