Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of Schiff bases based on chitosan and arylpyrazole moiety
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Scheme 2. Synthesis of Chitosan Schiff Bases (ChBs). Table 1 3. Characterization and analysis 3.1. Infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared spectra of chitosan Schiff base derivatives using KBr pellet method were recorded in the frequency range of 400– 4000 cm -1 using a Perkin Elmer B25 spectrophotometer. All measurements were carried out with 64 scans at resolution of 2 cm -1 at room temperature. 3.2. Elemental analyses Elemental analyses were performed using Elementar Vario EL III Analyzer. 3.3. X-Ray diffraction X–Ray diffractograms of samples were obtained using an X–ray powder diffractometer (a Philips Xpert MPD Pro) with Ni–filter and CuKα radiation source at an accelerating voltage/current of 50 kV/40 mA. The relative intensity was recorded in the scattering range 2θ, varying from 3 o to 60 o at scanning rate 2° min -1 . 3.4. TG-DTA analyses Page 10 of 31 Accepted Manuscript 6 TG-DTA curves of the chitosan Schiff base derivatives were conducted using Shimadzu TGA- 50 H Thermal Analyzer under nitrogen with a dynamic heating rate of 10 o C min -1 . All experiments were conducted from room temperature to 800 o C and the reference material was alumina. The sample weights in all experiments were taken in the range 4–5 mg. 3.5. Antimicrobial measurements The antimicrobial activity of chitosan and Schiff bases of chitosan was determined using agar well diffusion method [43]. All the compounds were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumonia, RCMB 010010) and Bacillis subtilis (B. subtilis, RCMB 010067) as Gram positive bacteria, and against Escherichia coli (E. coli, RCMB 010052) as Gram negative bacteria using nutrient agar medium. Antifungal activity was carried out against Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus, RCMB 02568), Geotricum candidum (G. candidum, RCMB 05097) and Syncephalastrum recemosum (S. recemosum, RCMB 05922) using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium. Ampicillin, gentamycine and Amphotricine B were used as standard drugs for Gram positive, Gram negative and antifungal activity, respectively. In a brief, the sterilized media was poured onto the sterilized Petri dishes (20-25 mL , each Petri dish) and allowed to solidify. Wells of 6 mm diameter was made in the solidified media with the help of sterile borer. A sterile swab was used to evenly distribute microbial suspension over the surface of solidified media and 0.1 mL of different concentration of chitosan or Schiff bases of chitosan suspension was added to each well with the help of micropipette. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h in case of antibacterial activity and 48 h at 25°C for antifungal activity. A blank without chitosan or chitosan Schiff bases was prepared for comparison. This experiment was carried out in triplicate and zones of inhibition were measured in mm. scale. Download 1.04 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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