Tashkent is a capital city Tashkent

Tashkent is a capital city
Tashkent is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan, and it is one of the largest ancient cities in Central Asia in terms of population. It is located in the northeastern part of Uzbekistan, near the border with Kazakhstan, and its area is 334.8 km2 (129.3 2). According to 2021 data, the population of Tashkent is 2,694,400 people (about 8% of the population of Uzbekistan)[1]. According to 2018 data, the GDP of Tashkent is $2.74 billion, and this figure is the city with the largest GDP in Uzbekistan[4][5].
Before the beginning of the Islamic influence in the middle of the 8th century AD, Tashkent was influenced by Sugdian and Turkic culture. After Genghis Khan destroyed Tashkent in 1219, the city was rebuilt and benefited from the Great Silk Road. From 1630 to 1729, the city of Tashkent was the official capital of the Kazakh Khanate. From the 18th-19th centuries, this city became an independent city-state until it was conquered by the Kokhan Khanate. In 1865, Tashkent became part of the Russian Empire and became the center of the Turkestan Governorate. During the Soviet era, the city witnessed massive growth and demographic changes due to the forced deportations of the entire Soviet Union. Much of Tashkent was destroyed by the 1966 Tashkent earthquake, but it was rebuilt as a model Soviet city. At that time, Tashkent was the fourth largest city of the Soviet Union after Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev[6].
Today, as the capital of independent Uzbekistan, Tashkent retains a multi-ethnic population, with ethnic Uzbeks and Kazakhs making up the majority. In 2009, the 2,200th anniversary of Tashkent was celebrated. In this regard, the city's infrastructure and transport system were updated[7][8].
Etymology[edit | edit source]
Tashkent has more than 2200 years of history [9]. During this period, it traveled from a fortress surrounded by a defensive wall to one of the largest cities in the world, the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Over the centuries, the city has experienced significant events in its peaceful life, as well as dramatic battles, booms and busts. The city was destroyed and rebuilt many times. Tashkent has moved and changed its name several times. Great scholars such as Khoja Ahrar Vali, Sheikh Umar Bogistani, Abu Bakr Shoshi, Abu Sulayman Banokati, Hafiz Kohaki lived and created in this area.
The first information about Tashkent as a city can be found in ancient Eastern sources of the 2nd century BC; Called Yuni in Chinese sources; The Persian king Shapur I named the Tashkent oasis Choch in the records of the Zoroastrian Kaaba in 262 BC. Choch is located at the crossroads of the export of gold, precious stones, sweets and noble horses to other cities and countries. Today's Tashkent, which means "stone city", is the capital of the modern republic, which preserves the past and contains a lot of information about the history of Uzbekistan.
This memorable city with more than 2 million inhabitants is one of the largest industrial centers of Central Asia. [source needed]
The information about the long past of Tashkent and the ancient Choch or Shosh region, where it grew up, is reflected in various written sources. The ancient Zoroastrian holy book Avesmona mentions the country in the Syrdarya basin as "Turon" and its inhabitants as "Tur". It is mentioned that in this country there is a religious and political residence of the clan and tribal elders of the Tur peoples - the city of Kangkha (Kanga).
The first more accurate information about Tashkent can be found in Chinese sources from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. In them, Tashkent region was called Loyuyeni, Yuni, then Zheshe, Zhechji, Zhesi and Shi in ancient times. These terms (except the first two) are derived from the Chinese pronunciation of the word "hair", and even the last toponym "Shi" means "stone" in Chinese.
The "Kang" ("Kanga" or "Kangkha") state, which was founded in the ancient Choch region in the 3rd century BC and ruled until the 3rd century AD, is mentioned in Chinese written sources as "Kangkiya" ("Kaniziuy"). In the ancient Tokharian language, the word "kang" also meant "stone". The capital of this state is the city of Bityan, which is located on the banks of the Iosha-Khasart river (Syrdarya). The city of Bityan was 1510 li (528 km) from Davan (Fergana Valley). The ruins of the city of Bityan, which have survived to this day, are known by the name "Qanqatepa" among the local population. It is located 70 km south of Tashkent - near Syrdarya, on the banks of the dried-up old bed of the Ohangaron river. According to archeological data, Qanqatepa was a large city surrounded by a defensive wall and an arch with an area of 160 hectares as early as the 3rd century BC. The citizens of the ancient Kang state were also called "Kangar", "Kanzar", later "Kanhi", "Kangli" or "Qani". They (Kangas) are mentioned in the ancient Indian book "Mahabharata" along with the names of Sakas and Tokhars. According to written sources, the ancient name of Tashkent was "Choch". After Tashkent came under the control of the Arabs, it was referred to as "Shosh" in Arabic works due to the absence of the letter "ch" in the Arabic alphabet. In the early Middle Ages, it was called "Choch", "Shosh", "Shoshkent", "Madinat ash Shosh", "Binkat" and "Tarkan". The first information about Tashkent can be found in the works of local scientists (Khorazmi) and historian-geographers Tabari, Istahri. In Istahri's "Kitab al masolik wal mamolik" ("The Book of Roads and Countries"), the capital city of Shosh is indicated as Binkat. In the book "Hudud ul Olam" ("Boundaries of the World"), written in the 10th century (author unknown), "Choch is a large region, its people are warlike and generous." Bows and arrows are made there. Binkat is the capital of Choch. It is a big city, and at the same time it is the residence of the king. Firdausi's "Shahnoma" contains verses about Choch's popularity with his bow Shoshiy (stories).
The city was first mentioned under the name "Tashkent" in the works of famous scholars of the 11th century - Abu Rayhan Beruni and Mahmud Kashgari. Beruniy, speaking about the origin of the name of Tashkent in his work "India", The word "stone" is of Turkish origin and has the appearance of Shosh. "Tashkand means a stone village," he explains. According to Mahmud Kashgari, Tashkent was also called "Tarkan" in the 11th-12th centuries. Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur dwells on the name of Tashkent in "Boburnoma" and notes that the name of Tashkent is written as "Shosh, sometimes Choch". It slowly fell out of circulation. Mahmud ibn Vali, a historian and scholar who lived in the 17th century, writes: "Shosh is a city located on the other side of the Sayhun (Syr Darya) and overlooks Turkestan (province)... It is called Choch. However, today it is known as Tashkent." The formation of urban culture and the rise of the city in the Tashkent oasis is a huge historical process in the socio-economic and cultural life of the ancient herders and farmers who lived in this region, and this process is undoubtedly the mastering and development of the region, especially the establishment of livestock and agricultural farms in it, as well as crafts, domestic and is inextricably linked with the history of the development of foreign trade.The historical landscape of this process is extremely broad, and it is being reconstructed more through archaeological research than through written sources. That is why the results of archaeological research conducted in the Tashkent region supplement and clarify information from ancient and medieval sources.
In 1867, Tashkent became the center of Turkestan Governorate. From 1930 to 1991, Tashkent was the capital of the Uzbek SSR.
Geographical location[edit | edit source]
The Tashkent oasis is located in a part of the wide mountain plain that starts from the western slopes of Tien-Shan and descends to the foothills of Syr Darya. In the east, it is surrounded by three mountain ranges - Ugom, Piskom and Chatkal, and these ranges are separated by gorges through which the rivers named by these names flow. These rivers join to form the Chirchik river. The Chirchik River flows through the narrow gorge of the Chervok basin and flows along the ancient plain, the width of which exceeds 20 km in some places, when it descends below Ghazalkent. In the west, the hot breath of Qizilqum hits the Chirchik valley. A part of this area was occupied by the current bed of the Chirchik river. In the southern part, the Ohangaron river, which enters the valley, rests. Together with the valley of the Aris River, located in the north of this plain, these natural water bodies form the marginal region of the agricultural oases of Central Asia. To the north of it lies a bottomless desert rich in pastures.
Chirchik river basin is one of the cradles of ancient farming and urban cultures of Central Asia. The center of Tashkent appeared on its territory. This center, which moved from place to place, was known as Choch or Shosh in ancient and medieval times, and later as Tashkent.
There was plenty of water in the Tashkent oasis in all historical periods. Historically, a network of canals supplied the city with water. Therefore, the city has never experienced a water shortage. Tashkent from the Middle Ages to the 19th century
the authors who wrote about it have always emphasized. The climate here was different from the climate where the ancestors of modern humans appeared, that is, several tens of thousands of years ago. A hot dry summer alternated with a severe winter, when most of the annual precipitation falls.
The slopes and plains of Tashkent were rich in vegetation, and there were many wild animals that primitive people hunted. Most of them, including animals such as arkahar, gazelle, kulon, and native deer, have disappeared recently, while animals such as woolly rhinoceros, cave bear, and lion have disappeared much earlier. Information about them can be obtained through the remains found during the excavation of the settlements of primitive people.
Several hundreds of thousands of years ago, primitive communities living by hunting and gathering settled in caves and mountain shelters, or open areas near river banks and springs. Such places also existed in the territory of the present city of Tashkent.
In particular, finely crafted flints, knives, bigis, and hunting and working tools made by primitive craftsmen nine thousand years ago were found in the settlement of Khoshilish on the shore of the Gray Water. Among the finds, the bones of wild bulls were found, which, according to experts, gave reason to assume that they were domesticated already at that time. The process of animal domestication also took place in the Tashkent oasis.
Beginning with the third millennium BC, this area was occupied by early herders. They learned to make tools and weapons from brass. Archaeologists have found many herdsmen's graves and barracks in and around Tashkent. Bronze tools, weapons, jewelry and handmade utensils were also placed next to the buried in these places.
In the territory of Tashkent city, such cemeteries were found near the current champagne factory, as well as on the banks of the Karakamish stream. It was found that Sirgali was the address of steppe herdsmen and farmers. In addition to working tools, brass bracelets with twist rings were also found here.[10]
The climate of the city is continental, with hot, dry summer days and cold winter climate. The city is different from other cities of the world. Average annual temperature is 13.5 °C. In summer, the temperature can reach up to 35 °C, but in winter, the opposite can be observed. Air temperature reaches -25...-30 C°. The main rainfall is observed in November and March.
The climate of Tashkent is continental, the average annual temperature is 13.3°, the average temperature in January is 1.1°, the lowest temperature is 29°. The average temperature in July is 27.5°, the highest temperature is 42°. Annual rainfall is 360-390 mm. Bozsuv, Salor, Anhor, Karasuv, Aqgorgon, Borijar, Oktepa, Karakamish and other canals, which are taken out of the Chirchik river and pass through the whole city, have a positive effect on its microclimate. Administrative division[edit | edit source]
The city consists of 12 districts: Bektemir
Plumber
Yashnabad
Mirabad
Mirza
Ulugbek
Sergely
Shaikhontohur
Diamond
Up to three
Single house
Yunusabad
Qoz o g' i s t o n
T o sh k e n t
v i l o y a t i
Uchtepa district[edit | edit source]
Uchtepa district (former Akmal Ikramov) district is an administrative-territorial unit in Tashkent. It was established in 1977 in order to compact Chilanzor and Oktabr (now Shaikhontohur) districts. Named after the statesman Akmal Ikramov. From 1977, its current border starts with Zargarlik and Qatortol streets from the south and southeast, and joins the car ring road in the west and northwest. Its area is 2,797 ha, including 1,124 ha of green areas. The population is 228.3 thousand people (2004). The number of streets is 424, of which 8 are central. Main highways: Lutfiy, Hamrokul Tursunkulov, Farhod, Sultan Segizbayev, Uygur, Nazarbek, Beshqayragoch, Toqimachi streets and Kichik Halka road. There are 50 neighborhoods in the district.
The following industrial enterprises are located in the territory of the district: jewelry factory, bakery, dairy factory, "Tashkentsut" joint-stock company, "Fonon" plant, "AsiyoFud" bakery, "Chevar" clothing production. association, "Gazavtomatika" enterprise, "Toshinterm" Uzbekistan - China, "Shaikhontohurtekstil" joint enterprises, Tashkent mechanization tools and equipment and experimental mechanical plant of machine tool construction, the 4th spinning and weaving factory of the textile combine, 13 motor transport and 5 construction organizations. The district has a University of World Languages, a State Tax Academy, a law college, an art boarding school, 3 academic lyceums, 5 vocational colleges, 37 general education schools, 53 kindergartens and nurseries, 8 treatment nurseries, 6 treatment and prevention institutions, 22 polyclinics, There are 6 family polyclinics, 5 hospitals and a dispensary. Residents of the district are served by 512 food and 550 industrial goods stores, 420 household service stations. There are 2 houses of culture, 8 public libraries, "Vatan" cinema, a culture and recreation park named after Akmal Ikramov. The total useful area of the housing fund is 3486 thousand m² (2004). Construction works in the district began in 1966. In accordance with the Master plan for the reconstruction and development of Tashkent, major construction works are being carried out in the district; 270, 272 ATS, dental polyclinic, household service outlets, "Karvonsaray market", "Orikzor", "Guliston" housing estates, kindergartens, schools were built and put into operation. Farhad and Uygur streets were widened.
Aerial view of Tashkent
Bektemir district[edit | edit source]
Bektemir District (Narimonov until 1990) is an administrative-territorial unit in Tashkent. 1960-1981 Bektemir town:
In 1973-90, the city
In 1981-90, the state and public figure, writer Narimon Kerbalay Najaf was held under the name Narimonov (1870-1925).
Since 1990, Bektemir District has been part of Tashkent.
On the left bank of Chirchik River. This river separates Bektemir district from other districts.
The area is 1.83 thousand ha, including the green area of 0.012 thousand ha.
The population is 29,900 people (2004).
There are 45 streets. Main streets: Husayn Boygaro, Ohangaron street, Bektemir.
There are 12 neighborhoods.
In the territory of the district there are joint enterprises "Uzsmatana", "Agrokeramika", "Mirmaks", 17 industrial enterprises, including Tashkent motor, "Irgidromash" and others, 9 transport facilities, scientific research institute "SredazVNIIgidromash", 5 general education schools, a music school , there is a children's sports school, 13 kindergartens, 16 medical treatment facilities, 4 polyclinics. 522 large and small and medium-sized business entities operate in the district, of which 44 are enterprises formed with the participation of foreign investments. Residents of the district are served by 11 food, 4 industrial goods, 7 mixed goods stores, a department store, 30 catering establishments, and household service outlets. There are 5 public libraries, a club, a house of culture, a cinema, more than 10 children's sports fields, a tennis court, and 2 football fields.
The only "Golf club" in Central Asia was established in the district.
Mirzo Ulugbek district[edit | edit source]
Mirzo Ulugbek district (until 1935 - Proletar district, until 1992 Kuybyshev district; from May 1992, Mirzo Ulugbek district) - administrative-territorial unit in Tashkent. 1929 i. organized. Its current border has not changed since 1978. It is located in the northeastern part of Tashkent. It starts from the center of Tashkent (Amir Temur Avenue) and goes to the north-eastern side, to the Tashkent Ring Road. Feruza region, Tashkent tractor plant, Ulugbek town are included in the territory of Gham district. The area is 3.2 thousand km², including the green area - 0.579 thousand ha. The population is 247.6 thousand people (2004). Kirkha (1892) is a historical and cultural monument in the district. The number of streets is 532. The main highways: Pushkin, Parkent, Temur Malik, Akkorgon streets, Great Silk Road avenue, Habib Abdullayev street, Small ring road. There are 49 neighborhoods. There are 377 large enterprises in the territory of the district, including 28 industrial enterprises (including "Tashkentkabel", tractor factories, "Uzbekistan cotton machinery", lacquer factories), 3119 small and medium-sized business entities. 27 scientific research institutes, 10 project institutes, 4 higher educational institutions (Institute of Culture, University of World Economy and Diplomacy, etc.), as well as the All-Army Command Academy, Military Academy, Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Tashkent Medical Training Institute, writers, composers, architects creative associations and theater society, 33 general education schools, 12 vocational colleges, 4 children's music schools and art schools, 10 hospitals and dispensaries, "Mother and Child" center, 11 family polyclinics, 2 medical and sanitary units are working.
Tashkent streets
The population is served by 176 food stores, 244 industrial goods stores, 304 catering establishments, and 517 household service outlets. House museums of Mukhtar Ashrafiy, Sergey Yesenin, 28 public libraries, 3 houses and palaces of culture, 3 parks of culture and recreation, zoo and others are working. The total usable area of the housing fund is 2579 thousand m2.
Mirabad district[edit | edit source]
Mirabad district (Lenin district until 1992) is an administrative-territorial unit in Tashkent. In 1929, it was established together with Shaikhontohur district. Its current border has not changed since 1977. The district is located in the southern part of Tashkent. In the north, it stretches from Amir Temur avenue to the ring road. The area is 1.71 thousand ha, including the green area -0.356 thousand ha. The population is 123.8 thousand people (2004). The number of streets is 103, of which 8 are central streets. These include Fitrat, Movarounnahr, Nukus, Cosmonaut Street, Taras Shevchenko, Fergana Road and others. There are 39 neighborhoods. Tashkent borders Bektemir to the south, Hamza to the east, Yunusabad to the north, Yakkasaray to the northwest, and Sergeli to the southwest. The borders of the district are Sharof Rashidov, Istiklal, Okhunboboyev, Fergana road, Tashkent Big ring road, Beshkent, Fitrat, Turgunboyeva. It passes through Akh Yol, Kichik Beshyogoch, Nukus, Kunayev streets. "Oybek" and "Tashkent" stations of the Tashkent metro are located in the territory of Mirabad district. 4 canals (Barathoja, Karasuv, Salor, Tolariq) flow through the territory of the district.
3167 enterprises and organizations operate in Mirabad district, of which 349 are large and 818 are small and medium business entities. Industrial production in the city of Tashkent. the share of the district in the total volume is 10.5%. Such large industrial enterprises as "Uzelektroapparat", "Uzkimyofarm", "Foton", "Tong" joint-stock companies, "Uztemiryol'mashta'mir", "Uchkun" are of republican importance.
The number of main industrial enterprises in Mirabad district is 31 and they operate in 8 branches of industry, such as light industry, food, medicine, printing industry, machinery and metal processing, wood processing and paper production. industry, chemical and petrochemical industry, production of construction materials. consists of networks. Production of consumer goods. the highest growth rates of volumes are observed in light and food industries. The main part of the export potential of the district corresponds to the companies "Uzbekistan Havo Yollari" and "Uzbekistan Railways", and 1/3 of the export of the city of Tashkent corresponds to the share of the district.
Enterprises engaged in the export of self-made products in the district are "Uzelektroapparat", "Foton" joint-stock companies, "Kvark", "Uztemiryol'mashta'mir", "Toshelektroapparat" and others.
Mirabad district has Mirabad market, airport, railway station, 17 general education, 2 music, 3 sports schools, 8 vocational colleges, 3 academic lyceums, 6 higher educational institutions (Tashkent Westminster University, Tashkent State Aviation, Tashkent Pharmaceuticals, Tashkent Railways Transport Engineers, Tashkent Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent Automobile and Road Institute), 5 secondary specialized educational institutions operate. The population is served by 778 trade and 180 household service outlets. Of them, 108 are food, 55 industrial goods stores, 227 catering, 160 non-food, 160 mixed, and 58 non-stationary sales outlets.
Tashkent city, regional authorities, Uzbek State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater named after Alisher Navoi, Tashkent State Russian Academic Drama Theater, as well as 4 culture houses, 2 culture and recreation parks, Le Meridian hotel Tashkent Palace, Poytakht hotels, 7 libraries , Art, Railway Engineering, Medical Museums, the Central Exhibition Hall of the Academy of Arts of Uzbekistan. The district has 1 clinical hospital, a children's hospital, a city clinical psychiatric hospital, 2 maternity complexes (No. 4 and 5), 40 family polyclinics, Railway, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Central consultative diagnostic polyclinics, dental polyclinic (No. 7 ), the city physical education dispensary, the dispensary of skin and venereal diseases (No. 1), the Tashkent city passenger transport medical and sanitary department, the city children's psychiatric hospital and sanatorium are working. The total area of the housing fund is 1432.1 thousand m2.
Sergeli district[edit | edit source]
Sergeli district is an administrative-territorial unit in the city. It was established in 1967. in the south-western part of the city of Tashkent. The territory of Tashkent covers the lands from the central railway line to the banks of the Chirchik river, in the southwest Choshtepa, Nogaykurgan, the vicinity of the Tashkent airport, Koyliq 5-7, Sergeli 1 - 8, Sputnik (Yoldosh), Dostlik, Builders' districts, Old Sergeli, Industrial zone. It borders Zangiota districts of Tashkent region from the northwest and Yangiyol districts from the southeast. The area is 5.19 thousand ha, including green land 0.347 thousand ha. The population is 154,400 people (2004). The number of neighborhoods and housing associations is 33, consisting of 14 districts and 17 sub-districts in Yoldosh (Sputnik) town (founded in 1966). The number of streets is 147. The main highways: the southern part of the Tashkent highway, Yangi Sergeli, Choshtepa, S. Tolipov, Kipchak Street; The Tashkent-Angren railway also passes through the district.

There are 1101 enterprises in Sergeli district, of which 167 are large, 252 are small and other enterprises. In 330 industrial enterprises: furniture, secondary core and non-ferrous metal, piston, hygroscopic cotton, asphalt, rubber and plastic products,

wood processing, leather and other products are produced. "Fayz" holding company, "Mebel" enterprise, aviation repair plant, "Novator" (tractor pistons), "BarakatAlfa" (hygroscopic cotton), "Greenward" (baby food, fruit juices), Tashkent railway distance (containers sends) enterprises, factory of sun protection products (plastic frames, etc.), "Tashkent" international airport, Sergeli air squadrons, 3 automobile factories, "RAF" automobile enterprise (passengers are served by a small bus), 4, 12 bus depots. There are also 973 entrepreneurs. There are 27 general education schools, 5 out-of-school education centers, 6 vocational colleges, and 2 children's sports schools in the district. In the healthcare system, 3 city hospitals with 491 beds, 5 polyclinics, a maternity hospital, a dispensary for genitourinary diseases, and 33 pharmacies serve the population. There are branches of the National Bank of Foreign Economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Industrial Construction Bank, Asakabank, Housing Savings Bank, People's Bank in St. Dekhdon market, Sergeli, "Avtomakon" market, Poytakht Sergeli shopping center are among the largest shopping complexes in the city. There are 8 libraries, 3 culture houses, Usman Nasir and Nyi Sergeli culture and recreation parks, and a music school. There are 106 sports facilities, including a stadium, 5 swimming pools, 43 gyms, 51 sports grounds, and 4 fitness sports complexes.
Construction works in the district began mainly after the Tashkent earthquake (1966), and 1- and 2-story wooden houses were built. The 4- and 9-story buildings in the Sergeli residential area were erected in the 1980s and 1990s. St. the total useful area of the housing fund is 2718.5 thousand m2 (2004).
The main route of the district is Nyi Sergeli Street, which connects it with the city center. There are archaeological monuments of Choshtepa and Nogaykurgan in the territory of the district.
Almazor district[edit | edit source]
Almazor (former Sabir Rahimov) district is an administrative-territorial unit in Tashkent. It was established in 1970. Named after Sabir Rahimov. From 1980 to the present. It is located in the northwest of Tashkent. Tashkent region borders Zangiota district in the northwest, Tashkent district in the north and northeast, Yunusabad district in the east, and Shaikhontohur district in the south and southwest. The area is 3.4 thousand ha, including 1.01 thousand ha of green areas. The population is 283,600 people (2004). The number of streets is 290. The main highways: Beruniy, Niyazov, Kichik Halka Yol, Farobiy, Ziyamov, Chimboy, Ust a Shirin, Tansikbayev, Hasanov, Oybek and Karasaroy streets. There are 58 neighborhoods.
Kolorflex, Imperial, Asiyobatareya joint enterprises, 30 industrial enterprises, including Tashkentmarmar production. association, "Mikond", unit, experimental mechanics, excavator repair, "Compressor", "Onyx" and porcelain factories, "Tashkent furniture" production association, "Tola" (hairdressing) enterprise, headwear factory, 10 motor vehicles and 10 trucks organization operates. In the district there are 19 scientific research institutes, 4 design organizations ("Uzgazloyiha", "Uzgishlokhhojalik project", Design and Construction Bureau of the Ministry of Public Education, "Tash. ZNIIEP"),There are 3 higher education institutions (UzMU, TashDTU, 2Tashkent Medical Institute), 1 lyceum, 1 vocational college, 37 general education schools, 1 art, 1 music school, 60 preschools. Residents of the district are served by 47 family polyclinics, 20 hospitals, 8 cultural houses and palaces, 10 libraries, a theater for young audiences, a nature museum, 3 markets, 5 stadiums, 6 swimming pools, 57 sports halls, and 10 tennis complexes. . On the territory of the district there is the "Oymomo" culture and recreation park, several small recreation centers, the "Uzekspomarkaz" international exhibition complex, and the "Olympic" hotel. There are 110 grocery stores and 51 industrial goods stores, 196 catering establishments, and 467 household service outlets.
During the years of independence, Sagbon, Karasaroy, Farobi streets were expanded, Moykurgan, Beshkurgan districts were established. More than 1 km of bridge was built.
Among the architectural monuments in the territory of the district are the Barokkhan madrasa and the Qaffol Shoshiy mausoleum. Beruniy, Furqat, Sabir RahimovvaL. A statue was erected to B. Shastri, Berdaq, A. Kodiri. The Beruni metro station of the city metro station is located in the district.
Chilonzor district[edit | edit source]
Chilonzor district is an administrative-territorial unit in Tashkent. It was established in 1963. According to toponymists, the name of the district is derived from the chilon (jiyda) plant. After the Tashkent earthquake (1966), the construction work in the district intensified. It is located in the south-western part of Tashkent. It continued along the Oktepa Canal in the north, the Borijar Canal in the east, the Central Asian Railway in the southwest, and the Tashkent Ring Road and Babur Street. The area is 2,994 ha, including 1,334 thousand ha of green areas. The population is 217.1 thousand people (2004). The number of streets is 262. There are 45 neighborhoods. Some places in the district are connected with the history of Tashkent. Architectural monuments such as Chilonzor Oktepasi archaeological monument (4th-8th centuries, 10th-11th centuries), Abulqasim Sheikh madrasa, Khairabad Eshan architectural complex are located in the territory of this district.
The main highways are People's Friendship, Muqimi, Choponota, Farhad, Gavhar, Chilonzor, Qatortol, AlKhorazmi streets. Joint ventures ("Sovplastital" Uzbek-Italian joint venture, "Uzbekiminterneshnl" joint venture, etc.), 24 industrial enterprises (including 3 footwear production associations, production combine of the blind society, "Rele va automatika", "Algoritm" enterprises, factories of electrical appliances); 8 scientific research institutes, 8 design institutes, construction bureau, Tashkent State University of Economics, 38 general education schools, 20 academic lyceums and colleges, 65 preschool institutions; There are 9 hospitals and 31 polyclinics. The population is served by 152 food stores, 64 industrial goods stores, 121 catering establishments, 96 household service outlets, Chilonzor flea market. Music and Drama Theater named after Mukimi, State Musical Comedy (Operetta) Theater, 2 cinemas, National Park named after Navoi, Park of Culture and Recreation named after Gafur Ghulam, Palace of Friendship of Peoples operate. 4 stadiums, 101 sports halls, 166 sports fields, 6 water There is a pool, a stable complex. The total useful area of the housing fund is 3178 thousand m2.
Sheikhontohur district[edit | edit source]
Shaikhontohur district is an administrative-territorial unit in Tashkent. It was established in 1929 under the name of Oktabr district. In 1992, it was renamed as Shaikhontohur (Sheikh Khavandi Tohur) district. From 1978 to the present border. It borders Zangiota district in the northwest, Sabir Rahimov in the north, Yunusabad in the northeast and east, Chilonzor and Yakkasaray in the south, and Akmal Ikramov in the west. The area is 2.73 thousand ha, including green areas 0.832 thousand ha. The population is 263.1 thousand people (2004). The number of streets is 622. The main highways: Abdulla Kadiri, Navoi, Uzbekistan, Beruni streets, Furqat, Uygur, Samarkand gate streets. People's friendship, Khadra, Chorsu, Otstepa squares, there are 48 neighborhoods.
There are 3379 enterprises and organizations in the district. There are 9 industrial enterprises, including "Sharq Guli" art, Tashkent tailoring, "Orzu" production associations, Tashkent printing plant, textile factory and others. 3069 small and medium business entities were registered. In Tashkent, there are 18 ministries, state committees and major agencies, the General Directorate of Architecture and Urban Planning, 11 design institutes, the Navoi Literature Museum of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Seismology, Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Institutes of Microbiology, Architecture and Construction, Institutes of Chemical Technology, 16 Secondary Special Education country, there are 42 general education schools and other institutions and organizations. 10 family and dental hospitals, 18 polyclinics and outpatient clinics, 8 hospitals provide services. In the years of independence, the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan, the Islamic University, the academic lyceum under the University of World Economy and Diplomacy were built, the Uzbek National Academic Drama Theater, the buildings of the "Chorsu" shopping center, and the Old Java Bazaar were renovated.
The largest guzars: "Gulzor", "Ipakchi", "Kokcha", "Islamabad". There are large sports fields in the districts of "Yani Kamolon", "Huvaydo", "Bog'kocha", "Choponota", "Ipakchi". 562 food, 346 industrial goods stores, 174 household service outlets, "Chorsu" shopping center serve the residents of the district.
Uzbek National Academic Drama Theater, Uzbek State Drama Theater named after Abror Hidoyatov, Satire Theater, Theater of Russian Young Spectators, Circus, "Palace of Art", "Uzkorazmazavdo" Palace, 9 cultural houses and institutions, Cinema House, 22 public libraries, 4 cinemas and others, "Pakhtakor" stadium, "JAR" sports complex, "Sharq", "Khadra", "Youth House", "Sun Shine Tyron" hotels are operating. Kokaldosh madrasa (16th century), Yunus Khan (15th century), Sheikh Zainiddinbabo (13th-14th century) mausoleums are preserved in the territory of the district.
Yunusabad district[edit | edit source]
Main article: Yunusabad district
Yunusabad district is an administrative-territorial unit in Tashkent, established in 1936 under the name of Kirov district. In May 1992, Yunusabad district was renamed. There are different opinions about the origin of the name Yunusabad. According to some researchers (academician A. Muhammadjanov), the name of the place is very old and originally called "Yunusrabot". Here "rabot" is used in the sense of a caravanserai (see Rabat). Those entering the city from the north landed here. According to local intellectuals, the name of the place is related to the legends about the son of Yunushoji Nodirhoji, a businessman from Sebzor (19th century, who had gardens in Yunusabad Oktepa). The district is located in the northern part of the city. It starts from Amir Temur avenue and continues to the north to the Tashkent ring road.
The area is 4.14 thousand ha, including the green area of 1.073 thousand ha. The population is 289,000 people (2004). The number of streets is 441. The main main streets: Sharof Rashidov, Amir Temur, Ahmad Donish, Khurshid, Gani Mavlanov, Jahan Obidova, Guard Colonel Khojayev. There are 50 neighborhoods. There are 3,547 enterprises and organizations in the district, the share of small and medium-sized business entities in industrial production is 36.3%, in construction 64.2%, and in the field of trade and catering is 50.9%. Among them, 155 joint ventures are focused on production and public services.
From the industrial enterprises, "Uzbekqishloqmash", "Yulduz" tailoring, "Asbobsoz", "Raupkhon" enterprises; wagon repair factories, a magazine factory, "Uzbekenergota'mir" production associations and others are working. There are subsidiaries of Dilek Enterprise, Aylin Gida Sanayi, Aziya Silk, Rastr, Supertekstil, as well as 3 furniture manufacturing joint ventures operating with foreign investment.
There are about 20 scientific research institutes, design institutes, 6 lyceums, 6 vocational colleges, 4 higher educational institutions, 42 general education schools, 3 music schools, 70 pre-school education institutions, 8 hospitals, 40 polyclinics and ambulatory institutions, 1 sanatorium. 2 cinemas, "Turkistan" movie concert hall, State Museum of the History of Timurids, State Museum of the History of the Peoples of Uzbekistan, Gallery of Fine Arts of Uzbekistan, Zoo, "Intercontinental", "Dedeman Silk Road", "Sheraton" hotels, Martyrs' Memorial Complex, 5 cultural houses , 12 libraries, 186 sports facilities, Olay, Yunusabad bazaars, 1785 shops, 356 general hunting grounds and 467 household service stations are operating. The main television tower of Tashkent is located in the district. The total useful area of the housing fund is 5223 thousand m2. Electric trains run from Yunus Rajabiy, Abdulla Qadiriy, Minor, Habib Abdullayev stations of the Yunusabad line of T. metro in the Tashkent region. Until 2005, work is being carried out to launch 3 more stations (F. Khojayev, "Yunusabad", "Turkistan").
Yakkasaray district[edit | edit source]
Main article: Yakkasaray district
Yakkasaray district is an administrative-territorial unit in Tashkent. In 1936, it was established under the name of Frunze district. It was called Tashkent since May 1992. The district is located in the southern and partly central part of Tashkent. It stretches from Uzbek Street in the north to the Urta Asia railway line in the south. The area is 1.39 thousand ha, including the green area of 0.144 thousand ha. The population is 112.3 thousand people (2004). The number of streets is 156. Main highways: Babur, Usman Nasir, Nukus, Uzbekistan, Shota Rustaveli, Afrosiyob streets. There are 17 neighborhoods. There are 24 industrial enterprises and 32 construction organizations in the district. There are 3 motor transport companies, a freight exchange railway station, and a bus station. Among the large industrial enterprises, there are "Tashtoqimachi" combine, "Tashkent wood processing plant", reinforced concrete products plant, "Agama" enterprise, footwear, industrial associations and others. 26 scientific research institutes, design organizations and construction bureaus, 4 higher educational institutions (Pedagogical University named after Nizomi, Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Art Institute named after Mannon Uyghur, Tashkent Higher School of Choreography), 6 vocational colleges and lyceums, 19 general education, There are 2 sports, 2 music schools, 8 libraries. 14 medical institutions and 5 family hospitals provide health care for the population of the district. "Weaver" stadium, 4 swimming pools, 29 gyms, 89 sports fields owned by enterprises and institutions, 2 hotels, 1 cinema, 9 libraries, Babur Park of Culture and Recreation, Republican International Cultural Center, Puppet Theater, Museum of Applied Arts, Uzbekistan There is an exhibition hall of the Art Academy. Residents are served by 97 grocery stores, 60 industrial goods stores, 188 public catering establishments, 129 household service outlets, and "Askiya" farmer's market.
High-rise buildings in the district are located mainly in "Boshlyk", "Kushbegi" housing estates and along major highways.

Yashnabad district[edit | edit source]

Main article: Yashnabad district
Yashnabad district is an administrative territorial unit in Tashkent. The district was established in 1968 and named after Hamza. It starts from Amir Temur avenue and Yoldosh Okhunboboyev street in the west and continues to Ohangaron road in the east. The area is 3.46 thousand ha, including green fields - 172 ha. The population is 208,700 people (2004). The number of streets is 220. Main highways: Zharkurgon, Lisunov, Hamza, Yoldosh Okhunboboyev streets and Fargona, Ohangaron roads. There are 50 neighborhoods in Tashkent. 2152 organizations, including 34 industrial enterprises (Tashkent aviation production association, Technopark, "Tashqishloqmash", "Tashmargyog", "Tashkentvino", "Uzbek paper", "Uzbekistan champagne", "Toshdonmahsulot", "Tashkentguruch" in the territory of the district enterprises of joint stock companies, etc.); 168 construction organizations; there are railway transport enterprises - locomotive and wagon depots, Tashkent freight interchange railway station. Also, 37 transport and communication enterprises are located in the district.
Import-substituting and export-oriented products in joint ventures "Farm Glase" Uzbekistan-Britain, "Tufin" Uzbekistan-Israel, "LokKolorSintez" Uzbekistan-Switzerland, "HobasTapo" Uzbekistan-Germany-Switzerland, "NWA" - Uzbekistan-Russia joint ventures established in the following years production has been launched.
Yashnabad District has the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 3 scientific research institutes, the National Information Agency of Uzbekistan, 25 general education schools, 50 preschools, 5 music schools, 4 vocational colleges, Tashkent's first medical institute and a business school. There are 9 hospitals, 30 polyclinics and outpatient facilities, 1 blood burn station. The population is served by 359 food, 595 industrial goods stores, 197 public catering, and 324 household service outlets. There are 16 public libraries, 4 cinemas, 2 palaces of culture, 4 houses of culture, recreation zone "BakhtRohat". The total area of the housing fund is about 2.5 million m2.
District of New Life[edit | edit source]
City administration[edit | edit source]
After the independence of Uzbekistan, a historical-national form of administration - hokimty - was established in Tashkent, as in other regions and cities of Uzbekistan. On November 18, 1991, in accordance with the decision of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the status of the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan - Tashkent city and state authorities", the position of mayor was introduced in Tashkent. The mayor of Tashkent is appointed and dismissed by the President and approved by the City Council of People's Deputies. Mayors of districts in the city are appointed and dismissed by the mayor and approved by the city council of people's deputies.