Task – ‘Open-source’ task. Theory – 10 point task – a ‘Open-source’ task. Find/identify main postulates of given great thinker/scholar [from Martin Griffiths

hedley bull
Hedley Bull was a British international relations scholar who is best known for his contributions to the study of international society and the theory of international relations. The main postulates of his thought are:

1. 
   International Society: Bull defined international society as a group of states that share common institutions, norms, and values, and that cooperate to manage their common affairs. He argued that international society is a crucial concept for understanding international relations, as it provides a basis for cooperation and stability in the international system.
   
2. 
   The Anarchical Society: Bull argued that the international system is anarchical, meaning that there is no centralized authority to enforce laws and regulate the behavior of states. Despite this, he believed that international society can provide a basis for cooperation and stability through the development of common norms and institutions.
   
3. 
   The English School of International Relations: Bull is often associated with the English School of International Relations, which is a tradition of thought that emphasizes the role of norms and institutions in shaping international relations. The English School is sometimes contrasted with the more traditional realist school of thought, which focuses on the role of power and self-interest in shaping international relations.
   

A relevant illustration of Bull's ideas can be seen in the creation and functioning of the United Nations (UN). The UN is a prime example of an international institution that is central to the functioning of international society, as it provides a forum for states to cooperate and manage their common affairs. The UN also embodies many of the norms and values that Bull believed were central to international society, such as the promotion of peace, cooperation, and the respect for international law.
Another example is the role of the European Union (EU) in shaping international relations. The EU is a prime example of how international society can provide a basis for cooperation and stability, even in the absence of a centralized authority. The EU has developed a range of institutions, norms, and values that promote cooperation and stability among its member states, and it has become a central player in the international system as a result. These developments demonstrate the validity of Bull's argument that international society can provide a basis for cooperation and stability in the anarchical international system.