Tax policy directorate – Bureau a
PART IV: LOCAL DIRECT TAXES
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french tax system
PART IV:
LOCAL DIRECT TAXES Local direct taxes are the oldest taxes in the French tax system. They succeeded the direct taxes that had been created in 1790 and 1791 as State taxes and were transferred to local authorities in the 1914- 1917 tax reform. Local taxes are collected by the State on behalf of local authorities (regions, départements, communes) and public establishments for intercommunal cooperation. There are four main local taxes – property tax on developed land (taxe foncière sur les propriétés bâties, TFPB), property tax on undeveloped land (taxe foncière sur les propriétés non bâties, TFPNB) residence tax (taxe d’habitation, TH) and the local economic contribution (contribution économique territoriale, CET) comprising a business premises contribution (cotisation foncière des entreprises, CFE) and a contribution on business value added (cotisation sur la valeur ajoutée des entreprises, CVAE). To this is added the flat-rate tax on network businesses (l'imposition forfaitaire sur les entreprises de réseaux, IFER) as well as some additional or similar taxes. The key feature of local taxes is that they are mainly assessed on a property's notional rental value (valeur locative cadastrale), except for the contribution on business value added and the flat-rate tax on network businesses. The notional rental value does not represent the rent under normal market conditions but a property's theoretical yield as determined by the authorities. Local tax rates are set by local government assemblies (département and municipal councils, etc.) when voting their annual budget according to the revenue that the various beneficiary authorities expect from the taxes that accrue to them. However, the rates may not exceed certain limits determined by central government, which are applied to bases also determined centrally. There are many permanent or temporary exemptions. The four main local direct taxes (property tax on developed land, property tax on undeveloped land, residence tax and the business premises contribution), not including the contribution on business value added and the flat-rate tax on network businesses, yielded €68.57 billion in 2015. |
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