Teaching English as a Foreign Language, Second Edition
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- The nature of the writing skill
Suggestions for further reading
All books mentioned in the text above, and J.P.B.Allen and S.Pit Corder (eds), The Edinburgh Course in Applied Linguistics, Vol. 3, Techniques in Applied Linguistics, Oxford University Press, 1974. C.J.Brumfit, ‘The Teaching of Advanced Reading Skills in Foreign languages with Particular Reference to English as a Foreign Language’, survey article in Language Teaching and Linguistics: Abstracts, vol. 10, Cambridge University Press, 1977b. F.Grellet, Developing Reading Skills, Cambridge University Press, 1981. R.Isaacs, Learning Through Language, Tanzania Publishing House, Macmillan, 1968. W.F.Mackey, Language Teaching Analysis, Longman, 1965. M.Macmillan, Efficiency in Reading, British Council, ETIC Occasional Paper no. 6, 1965. C.Nuttall, Teaching Reading Skills in a Foreign Language, Heinemann, 1982. F.Smith, Understanding Reading, New York: Holt, Rinehart—Winston, 1970. H.G.Widdowson, Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature, Longman, 1976. 116 Chapter 8 Writing The nature of the writing skill When we write, unlike when we talk, we are engaged in an activity which is usually at the same time both private and public. It is private because the act of composition is by its nature solitary, but it is public in that most writing is intended for an audience, often one which is extremely difficult to define. The act of writing differs from that of talking in that it is less spontaneous and more permanent, and the resources which are available for communication are fewer because we cannot—as we do in conversation— interact with the listeners and adapt as we go along. For this reason the conventions of writing tend to be less flexible than those of conversation, and the language which is used tends to be standardised. If the goal of the English teacher is to enable students to produce fluent, accurate and appropriate written English, there are a number of aspects which need to be considered. These are: 1 Mechanical problems with the script of English; 2 Problems of accuracy of English grammar and lexis; 3 Problems of relating the style of writing to the demands of a particular situation; 4 Problems of developing ease and comfort in expressing what needs to be said. In this chapter the last three areas will be discussed. The first area is only of importance when students are moving from a Writing 117 language which uses another form of script, and teaching English script is a specialised skill. The book list at the end of the chapter includes a book which gives advice on this aspect of teaching writing. Although the teaching of the script can be easily separated from the other aspects of writing, there are a number of fundamentally similar aspects which all teachers of English need to take into account. Students need to be able to copy confidently and accurately, and to observe a number of conventions on (for example) paragraphing and punctuation. However, it is easy to include work on these areas in the course of developing work related to the other areas mentioned. A great deal of the writing that occurs in the foreign language classroom is not primarily concerned so much with developing writing skills as with reinforcing the teaching of Download 0.82 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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