Telecommunications & The Internet Basic Telecom Model

The Keys to Internet Growth

• 1991 WAIS and Gopher provide Internet search and navigation
• 1992 WWW hyperlink software released
• 1992 NSF relaxes its restriction on commercial Internet traffic
• 1992+ explosive growth in usage

Internet Capabilities

• Communications
• E-mail
• Usenet
• Chatting
• Telnet

• Information Retrieval
• Gopher
• Archie
• WAIS
• FTP

http://sunland.gsfc.nasa.gov/info/guide/Using_archie_Today.html

World Wide Web

• Set of standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information using a client/server architecture
• Hypertext markup Language (HTML)
• browser
• search engines

Putting It All Together

AT&T
Level 3
Centurylink
I29
Cable One
Consumer
Consumer
Consumer

Some Upper Tier Providers

• AT&T
• Bell Atlantic
• Bell South
• Cable and Wireless
• Cable One
• GTE

• IBM
• MCI
• Pacific Bell
• QUEST
• Sprint
• US West

Tier 1 Networks

• The largest backbones on the Internet:
• Centurylink, Telecom Italia, Verizon, Sprint, TeliaSonera International, NTT Communications, Deutsche Telekom, Level 3, AT&T
• These top branded backbones only trade peering traffic among themselves.

Common Bandwidths

• 56K modem 0.056 Mbps
• ADSL 40 Mbps
• Cable Modem 50 Mbps
• T1 1.5 Mbps
• Ethernet 10 to 1,000 Mbps
• T3 44.7 Mbps
• See http://bandwidthplace.com/

Upper Tier Bandwidths OC-x mulitples of 51.85 Mbps

• OC-3 155 Mbps
• OC-12 622 Mbps
• OC-48 2,488 Mbps
• OC-96 4,977 Mbps
• OC-192 9,953 Mbps
• OC-768 39,812 Mbps