According to their position-can be prepositional (prefix), central (root)&postpositional(suffixes & inflexions).
According to semantic criteria roots are the bearers of meaning. Prefix & suffixes-have lexico-semantic function.
Inflexions have no lexical meaning or function, however an inflexion morpheme can get a lexical meaning in some special cases (colour-colours // custom-customs)-lexicalization.
There are some cases when one and the same morpheme may function as an inflexion and suffix (morpheme-ing-as a suffix deriving verbal nouns has inflexion forming gerund/non-finite ver.forms.
Suffix-1.morpheme coming after the root. 2.suffix may be applied to derivation post root morpheme.
Inflexion-1.any morpheme deriving a form of a word and having no lexical meaning.
2.Inflexion is a morpheme expressing case & number in nouns and person & number in verbs.
Morphemes can be: -free & bound(Bound morphemes cannot form words by themselves, they are identified only as component segmental parts of words. On the contrary, free morphemes can build up words by themselves, i/e/ can be used “freely”. e.g. handful – the root hand is a free morpheme, the suffix –ful is a bound morpheme.)
-overt &covert (Overt morphemes are genuine, explicit morphemes building up words; the covert morpheme is identified as a contrastive absence of morpheme expressing a certain function. The notion of covert morpheme coincides with the notion of zero morpheme in the oppositional description of grammatical categories.
e.g. clock-s - 2 morphemes (a lexical morpheme and a grammatical one)
clock-Ø – 2 morphemes (the overt root and the covert (implicit) zero morpheme Ø)
-segmental & suprasegmental (Supra-segmental morphemes are intonation contours, accents, pauses.)
-additive (Additive morphemes are outer grammatical suffixes, as they are opposed to the absence of morphemes in grammatical alternation: e.g. look-ed; small-er
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |