The Advantages of Bilingualism

The Advantages of Bilingualism
Bilingualism, zullisonayn - perfect knowledge of 2 languages or a specific literary language and its dialect. This is due to social demand or some reason. Its natural occurrence is also caused by the close living of representatives of two or more peoples on the territory of one state. Many representatives of Uzbek mum-toz literature knew both Uzbek and Persian well. For example, Alisher Navoi knew his mother tongue - Turkish very well, as well as Persian. Many works in this language were compiled by Devon ("Devony Foniy"). This poem was highly appreciated by Persian poets, especially by Jami. Writers who create in two languages can be found even now. In particular, the famous Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov is a writer who writes freely in Kyrgyz and Russian languages. In general, I.t. as a social phenomenon, the enrichment and development of languages is an important factor influencing the increase of the universal cultural level. The Zullisayn tradition is a language-to-language translator. In the heart, the letter is realized thanks to the language, finds its way to several hearts and gives pleasure to people. There is no poetry, science, or literature without language. Expression of ideas is a weapon of interest in learning languages, the tradition of creation in several languages is very distant and can be found in the literature of most peoples. It is important that the fact that the languages are genetically close to each other and completely distant does not play a decisive role in the occurrence of the phenomenon of Zullisonainy. Some authors have written in two or three genetically related languages, while others have written in languages that are far from each other. For example, Shirvonzoda-Aleksandr Movsisyan created beautiful works in Armenian and Uzar, Nasimi Uzar, Persian and Arabic languages. In connection with the transformation of Zullisonayn into a literary tradition, its explanation began to appear in dictionaries and scientific treatises. If the information of the scientific sources and the dictionary are collected in one place, very similar opinions are visible.
The proverb "He who knows the language knows" has already found its confirmation today. A clear example of this is the fact that foreign languages are mastered right from the pre-school period. Parents are gradually realizing the need to engage their children in languages from preschool age. Today, the parallel learning of two languages by preschool children has been proven to be one of the tools for their mental development. This research paper includes issues such as scientific studies on the formation of bilingualism and the stages of their development.
The positive impact of bilingualism on the development of preschool children was first stated in 1962 in an article by psychologist Ellen Bialystok, a professor at York University in Canada. A study conducted by Elizabeth Pill and Wallace Lambert in Montreal, comparing bilingual children who spoke English and French and monolingual children who spoke only French, noted that the level of knowledge of bilingual children was much higher than that of monolingual children. Research in psycholinguistics has shown that true bilingualism develops only when a person is able to express any idea in at least one language. If the speech is not fully formed in any language, then the structure of thought is distorted and the desire to express one's opinion fails, which leads not only to psychological oppression, but also to deep losses in the quality of communication and damage to the human personality. will bring. Such a phenomenon called half-linguistics is very dangerous for the society as a whole, because a certain part of its members cannot adequately express their feelings, needs, and desires in the form of words. If a person cannot say what he wants, he is unable to use normal forms of communication to compete equally with others, and he is forced to resort to some other form of self-control, sometimes using violence and force. will be Based on this, it is necessary to properly organize the correction of the speech development of the individual from an early age. "An early start has a positive effect on the reception of the mother tongue and later on the acquisition of any other language." The earlier the language is acquired, the easier and more fully acquired the knowledge.
Bilingualism was once thought to result in cognitive disadvantages, but research in recent decadec has demonstrated that experience with languages confers a bilingual advantage in executive functions and may delay the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Bilingualism brings with it many advantages.(Diamond 2010) Those who are able to use multiple languages benefit from the ability to communicative with a greater number of people, in turn expanding their social circles and granting increased opportunities for employment and trade an appreciation of other cultures, travel opportunities access to medical and other services and careers involving the use of multiple languages. This positive appraisal of bilingualism is a fairly recent phenomenon. Executive functions and bilingualism. Executive functions are cognitive processes that control behavior in service of attaining goals. These higher-order cognitive abilities are essential for planning behavior, ignoring irrelevant information, attending to stimuli and information of interest and creative thinking. Executive function abilities change across the life span due to the effects of cognitive maturation and then age-related decline.(Dempster 1992, Park et al.2002) One might reasonably expect that bilingual language processing will draw on these domain-general executive functions more than in the case of monolinguals and the resulting transfer effects will result in bilingual advantages in executive functions as measured by neuropsychological tests such as the Stroop, Simon and Flanker tasks. The evidence to date is not so clear. There are many reports of bilingual advantages in executive functions from a wide variety of tasks and different measures of performance several prior reviews have summarized this literature.(Bialystok 2009, 2017; Bialystok et al. 2012; Hilchey & Klein 2011; Kroll & Bialystok 2013; Paap et al. 2015a; Valian 2015).
Constant monitoring, inhibition, selection, and planning are essential components of everyday bilingual language use. One might reasonably expect that bilingual language processing will draw on these domain-general executive functions more than in the case of monolinguals, and the resulting transfer effects will result in bilingual advantages in executive functions as measured by neuropsy chological tests such as the Stroop, Simon, and Flanker tasks. The evidence to date is not so clear. Bilingual people are more intelligent than other people. Among my fellow students, there are rude students. Since my topic was "Zullisaynlik", that is, people who speak two or more languages, I observed my fellow students. During my observations, I noticed that their mastery was high. Their memory skills are better than other students. They are also very interested in foreign languages. Their level of language proficiency depends on who they speak the most language with in the family, on the street, and in the community. Therefore, such students and many other unruly individuals will have strong mental development compared to other people. According to research and conclusions, bilingualism has a positive effect on mental development.
REFERENCES
1. Saer D. J. The Effects of Bilingualism on Intelligence [Text] / D.J. Saer// British Journal of Psychology. -1923.-No.14.
2. Pinter, R. The relation of bilingualism to verbal intelligence and school adjustment [Text] / R. Pinter, S. Arsenian // Journal of Education Research. -1937. - No.31.
3. D.R.Babaeva. Nutq o'stirish nazariyasi va metodikasi. Darslik.-T.: "Barkamol fayz media",2018.
4. Jinkin N.I. Mexanizmbi rechi. - M. A
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Annu. Rev. Linguist. 2019. 5:395–415
First published as a Review in Advance on June 15, 2018