The Article
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The Article. Artiql ot oldiga qo’yiladigan qo’shimcha bo’lib o’zi mustaqil tarjima qilinmaydi. U otni aniq yoki noaniqligini ifodalaydi. Ingliz tilida 2 ga bo’linadi . 1. The Indefinite Article - Noaniq artikl. 2. The Definite Article - Aniq artikl . N o a n i q A r t i k l Bu artikl “one” sonidan kelib chiqqan bo’lib keyinchalik a, an ko’rinishlariga kelgan. Oldin bir deb tarjima qilingan , lekin hozir tarjima qilinmaydi. Birlikdagi sanaladigan ot oldidan ishlatiladi . Eslatma. A – undosh tovushlar oldidan ishlatiladi eg: a university a NATO An – unli tovushlar oldidan ishlatiladi eg: an hour an FBI 1) Tinglovchiga nomalum bo’lgan ot haqida gapirilsa . eg: I have a book. He has a dog . Menda kitob bor .Unda it bor. 2) There is /was iborasi bilan birlikdagi ot ishlatilsa eg: There is a man in the street. 3) What so’zi bilan boshlangan his hayajon gaplarda birlikdagi ot ishlatilsa. eg: What a beautiful garden ! Qqnday chiroyli bog’! Lekin ot ko’plikda bo’lsa artikl ishlatilmaydi eg: What beautiful gardens ! Qanday chiroyli bog’lar. 4) Biron bir shaxsni kasbi ko’zda tutilsa yoki narsa haqida umumiy ma’lumot berilsa noaniq artikldan foydalanamiz . eg: He is a doctor. U doctor. It is a book , Bu kitob. 5) Masofani miqdorni vaqtni ifodalovchi otlar oldidan noaniq artikl ishlatilab “bir” deb tarjima qilinadi. a hundred – yuz a thousand – ming a quarter – chorak a half – yarim an hour – bir soat a year – yil a kg –kilogram 6) Agar birlikdagi sanaladigan ot oldidan sifat kelsa artikl sifatdan oldin qo’yiladi. eg: This is an interesting book. Bu qiziqarli kitob. This is a book . Bu kitob. 7) Agar gapda “certain” so’zidan keyin ot kelsa undan oldin hardoim noaniq artikl ishlatiladi. eg: He is a certain Mr Brown. U aniq Mr Brown. 8.Ismlar oldidan ham noaniq artikl ishlatamiz. Agar biz u odamni kimligini bilmasak eg: There is an Anvar asking you .Sizni Anvar degan biro dam so’rayapdi. 9) Bir guruhga mansub ot o’sha guruh nomidan birlikda gapirilsa noaniq artikl bilan ishlatilib harbir deb tarjima qilinadi eg: A pupil must go to school . Har bir o’quvchi maktabga borishi shart. A room has four сorners. Har bir xonaning to’rt burchagi bor. 10.) Quyidagi birikmada sifatdan keyin sanaladigan ot kelsa har doim noaniq artikldan foydalanamiz Such Quite + a + sifat + ot Rather He is such a good boy. Ushunaqangi yahshi bola. It is rather a difficult exercise . Bu ancha qiyin mashq. 11) Ovqat turlari ( breakfast , lunch , dinner, supper ) oldidan sifat kelsa noaniq artikl ishlatamiz. Agar sifat bo’lmasa artikl ham tushib qoladi. eg: He had a good breakfast y-y. U kecha yahshi nonushta qildi. He had breakfast y-y. U kecha nonushta qildi. 12) Kun hafta fasl oy nomlari oldidan sifat kelsa ham noaniq artikldan foydalanamiz eg: It is a cold day today. Bugun havo sovuq. Lekin quyidagi sifatlar kelsa artikl ishlatilmaydi Late – kech . Early – erta Broad – keng High – baland Real – haqiqiy It is late October now. Hozir kech Oktabr 13) Tartib sonlar oldidan noaniq artikl iahlatiladi agarda u navbatdagi keyingi degan ma’nolarda kelsa. eg: A third man entered the room. Keyingi uchinchi odam xonaga kirdi. Eslatma.
14) so ,too + sifat + a +ot. It is not so simple a problem . Bu shunaqangi sodda muammo emas. 15) Ta`til so`zlari bilan: on a trip, on a cruise, on a voyage kabilarda: lekin On holiday For a holiday ga e`tiborli bo`lish kerak 16. Taxminan ma`nosida a yoki an ishlatiladi: The area of Uzbekistan is a 447,7 square kilometers. 17) as so`zidan keyin SBO kelsa ishlatiladi. I worked as a driver for 20 years. 18) a, an +period/population/ distance/salary/height +of +sanoq son He wasn`t in the city for a period of ten days. Noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladigan holatlar. a few – bir oz a little – bir oz a lot of – ko’p a great number of- ko’p a number of- ko’p a good deal of- ko’p a great deal of – ko’p a good many –ko’p a great many- ko’p to be at a loss – qiynalmoq at a speed of – tezlikda as a result of – natijada at a time – bir vaqtda at a time when – vaqtida. mahalda on a large scale – katta hajmda all of a sudden – to’satdan to go for a walk – sayr qilmoq it is a pity – afsus as a matter of fact – haqiqatda to have a good time – vaqtini yaxshi o’tkazmoq for a short (long) time – qisqa ( uzoq ) vaqt davomida to have a mind – moqchi bo’lmoq in a loud (low) voice – qattiq (past) ovozda to be in a position – holatda bo’lmoq to have a look – qaramoq to have a baby – tug’moq to have a party – ziyofat bermoq to have a swim – cho’milmoq to have a chat – suhbatlashmoq to have a nice time- vaqtini yaxshi o’tkazmoq to have a good flight- yaxshi parvoz qilmoq to have a cold – shamo llamoq to have a bath, shower – vanna,dush qabul qilmoq to have a rest – dam olmoq to have a drink – ichimlik ichmoq to have a cigarette – sigaret chekmoq to have a heart attack – yuragi xuruj qilmoq to have a headache – bosh og’rimoq to take a seat – o’tirmoq to have a toothache – tishi og’rimoq to have a boile on one’s hand – chipqon chiqmoq in a hurry – shoshilmoq to have a bruit – oyog’i lat yemoq to have a sore throat – tomog’i og’rimoq a piece of advice – maslahat call a spade a spade – o’z nomi bilan atamoq to take a nap – mizg’ib olmoq Artikl ishlatilmaydigan holatlar at night – tunda at home – uyda at sunset – kun botarda at peace – tinchlikda at war – urushda by air – havoda samolyotda at table – stolda to be in town – shaharda bo’lmoq to go to bed – o’rinda yotmoq to be in bed – to’shakda bo’lmoq by land – quruqlik orqali by post (air, e – mail ) – pochta, havo, pochtasi orqali. by mistake – xato qilib by order of – ning buyrug’i orqali at dinner (breakfast) – tushlikda on demand – talabi bilan in fact – aslida, darhaqiqat in debt – qarzdan day and night – kecha va kunduz by day – kunduzi by name – nomi bilan at work – ishda by means of - … ning vositasida at first sight – birinchi qarashda in time – vaqtida by tram(train, boat, bus) – tramvayda.poezda,qayiqda,avtobusda in demand – talabi katta bo’lgan to go to school – maktabga bormoq at school – maktabda o’qishda in sight – ko’rinishda to go to town – shaxarga bormoq by sea – dengiz orqali in conclusion – natijada by water – suv orqali on board a ship – kema bortida by heart – yoddan by chance – tasodifan on sale – sotuvda day after day – kundan kun A n i q a r t i k l -The Definite Article. Aniq artikl the “that” olmoshidan kelib chiqqan bo’lib “o’sha” degan ma’noni ifodalab keyinchalik the k’orinishiga kelgan hozir tarjima qilinmaydi. Aniq bo’lgan otlar oldidan ishlatiladi Ishlatilish holatlari 1) Gap mazmunidan aniq bo’lgan otlar bunga asosan buyruq gaplar kiradi. eg: Read the book. Kitobni o’qi. Open the window. Derazani och. 2) Suhbat davomida qayta ishlatilgan ot oldidan eg: I have a book. The book is on the table Menda kitob bor .Kitob stol ustida. 3) Tartib sonlar oldidan “the” ishlatamiz the first, the second. Lekin bular oldidan “at” predlogi yoki egalikning A shakli kelsa ishlatilmaydi . at first sight, my second year. 4) Dunyodagi tanho otlar oldidan ishlatilardi eg: the moon ,the earth, the sun, the world . Lekin sayyoralar oldidan ishlatilmaydi. Mars Pluto… Lekin . The Planet of Mars. 5) Dunyo tomonlari oldidan ham aniq artikl ishlatiladi The south – janub The east – sharq The north – shimol The west – g’arb Agar bular sifat vazifasida kelsa the tushib qoladi. Western-g’arbiy, eastern-sharqiy… Quyidagi maqol va iborada ham artikl ishlatilmaydi . East or west home is best. O’z uying o’lan to’shging. from east to west -sharqdan g’arbga 6) Familiya oldidan ham “the” ishlatimiz. Familiya ko’plikda bo’ladi va butun bir oilani ifodalaydi eg:The Karimovs went to London . Karimovlar oilasi Londonga ketishdi 7 ) Otlashgan sifatlar oldidan “the” qo’yamiz tarjimasi ko’plikda bo’ladi. the rich – boylar the poor – kambag’allar the old – qarilar the youth – yoshlar the bald – kallar the blind – ko’zi ojizlar the injured – jarohatlanganlar the wounded – yaradorlar the employed – ishchilar the unemployed – ishsizlar the disabled – nogironlar the dead – murdalar the sick - kasallar the elderly –yoshi kattalar Lekin bulardan keyin ot kelsa “the“ ishlatilmaydi eg: a rich man - boy odam 8) Sifatning orttirma darajasi oldidan ham ishlatiladi. eg: the best, the most 9) Daryo, dengiz, okean, ko’l, qanal, sharshara nomlari oldidan ham ishlatiladi eg: The Amudarya , the Volga, The Atlantic, The Baycal. Agar ko’l nomi oldidan “lake” so’zi kelsa “the” ishlatilmaydi eg:lake Baykal. – Baykal ko’li 10) Tog’ tizmalari har doim ko’plikda bo’ladi va “the” bilan ishlatiladi eg:The Alps – Alp tog’lari ,The Ands Lekin yakka tog’lar birliikda ishlatilab “the” ishlatilmaydi eg:Mount Black , Ben Nevis ,Everest 11) Guruh orollar ham ko’plikda bo’lib “the” ishlatiladi eg:The British Isles- Britaniya orollari , The West Indies , The Bahamas - Bagam orollari Lekin yakka orollar birliikda ishlatilab “the” ishlatilmaydi eg: Madagascar , Bermuda 12) Quyidagi shahar va mamlakatlar har doim “the“ bilan yoziladi. 1.The Argentine -Atgentina 2.The Caucasus - Kavkaz 3.The Congo - Konga 4.The Crimea- Krim 5.The Hague - Gaaga 6.The Lebanon -Livan 7.The Netherlands -Gollandiya 8.The Phillippines- Filippin 9.The Riveira - Riveyra 10.The Ruhr - Rur 11.The Sudan - Sudan 12.The Transval - Transval 13.The Ukrain - Ukraina 14.The Urals - Ural 15.The Vatikan - Vatikan 16.The Yemen –Yaman Lekin Argentina bo’lsa “the” qo’yilmaydi 13) Agar mamlakat nomlari oldidan republic, federation, united, union so’zlari kelsa “the” bilan yoziladi. eg:The Republic of Uzbekistan, The United States of America. 14) America va Britaniya gazeta jurnallari oldidan “the” ishlatiladi eg:The Washington Post , The Sunday , The New York Times lekin Xalq So`zi gazetalarida ishlatilmaydi. 15) Kema nomlari ham “the” bilan ishlatiladi eg:The Titanic, The Avrora , The Queen Mary 16) Ko’cha nomlari artiklsiz yoziladi M: Navoi Street Lekin quyidagilar bilan “the” bilan yoziladi The Mail The Mall The Strand The High Street 17) Tarixiy shaxslar laqablari ism darajasiga ko’tarilgan bo’lsa “the” bilan yoziladi Ivan the Terrible - Ivan grozniy Alexander the Great - Buyuk Alekdsandr Temur the Lame - TemurLang 18) Qit’alar va geografik nomlar oldidan the ishlatilmaydi eg:Africa, Asia… Lekin quyidagilar bilan “the” ishlatiladi The Near East - Yaqin sharq ,The Middle East - O’rta sharq ,The Far East – Uzoq sharq 19) Sahro va ko’rfaz nomlari ham “the” bilan yoziladi eg:The Sahara - Sahroi kabir , The Bering Straigh –Bering bo’g’ozi 20) Muzey, galeriya, teatr, kinoteatr, restaran nomlari ham “the” bilan yoziladi . eg:The Amir Temur museum, The Art Gallery, The Navoiy Theatre, The Golden Wing. Lekin restoran nomlari shu yerni boshlagan odam nomiga berilgan bo’lsa s’ bilan yozilib “the” tushib qoladi M: Macdonald’s 21) Til nomlaridan keyin “language” so’zi bo’lsa “the” bilan yoziladi. Bo’lmasa the tushib qoladi. eg:The English language = English - Ingliz tili Lekin gapda aniqlovchi bilan ishlatilsa language so’zi bo’lmasa ham “the” bilan yoziladi. 22) Bayram nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi . eg:Navruz, New year 23) Musiqa asboblarini chalish ma’nosida kelsa har doim “the” bilan yoziladi I can play the guitar – Men gitara chala olaman . Lekin umumiy ma’noda gapirsak otni aniq yoki noaniqligiga qaraymiz 24) Queen, King, President, Prince, Princess So’zlari ismlar bilan ishlatilsa “the” tushib qoladi. Agar yakka holda kelsa “the” qo’yamiz. eg: Queen Elizabeth went to France. Qirolicha Elizabeta Fransiyaga ketdi. The Queen of England went to France. 25) Park, maydon, istirohat bog’lari artiklsiz yoziladi eg:Mustakillik square - Mustaqillik maydoni. 26) only – faqatgina very – aynan o’sha same – aynan next – keyingi last – oxirgi following – quyidagi previous – oldingi Degan ma’nolarida kelsa hardoim “the” bilan yoziladi .. eg: He is the only pupil who knows the home work. U uyga vazifani biladigan yagona o’quvchi. Vaqtga nisbatan ishlatilsa va next - kelasi , last – o’tgan ma’nolrida kelsa arikl ishlatilmaydi. We shall go to the cinema next week . Biz kinoga kelasi hafta boramiz. 27) Tarixiy bino va yodgorliklar nomi ham “the” bilan yoziladi eg: The White House - Oq uy The Lincoln Memorial – Lincoln yodgorligi Lekin quyidagilar bilan yozilmaydi Buckingham palace , Westminister Abbey , Edingburg Castle 28) Jamlovchi otlar hardoim “the” bilan yoziladi eg:The police ,the army, the bank , the cinema, the team, the embassy, the fire brigade… 29) Quyidagi otlar hardoim “the” b-n ishlatiladi The ground – yer The Weather – ob – havo The Country – qishloq The countryside – qishloq chekkasi Country – qishloq Qishloq ma’nosida kelsa har doim “the” bilan yoziladi eg: I live in the country. - Men qishloqda yashayman. Do you live in a town or in the country? Sen qishloqda yashaysanmi yoki shaharda? Mamlakat ma’nosida kelsa noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi eg: Uzbekistan is a country. O’zbekiston mamlakatdir. 31) Muqaddas kitoblar nomi oldidan ham “the” qoyiladi eg: The Koran The Bible 32) Kashfiyot nomlari oldidan har doim “the” qo’yiladi eg: The radio was invented by Popov. Radio Popov tomonidan ihtiro qilindi. 33) School, University, hospital, prison, church, bed otlari o’z ma’nosida kelsa “the” qo’yilmaydi .Agar unga olaqador bo’lmagan odamlar ko’zda tutilsa the bilan ishlatiladi. I go to school everyday.Men har kuni maktabga boraman. eg: My father came to the school to see my teacher. Mening otam o’qituvchimni ko’rish uchun maktabga keldi. ESLATMA. In bed lekin the bed or on the bed aytamiz. Watch TV lekin the tv was repaired yesterday. Turn on the TV. Listen to the radio deymiz. Lekin I have a radio deymiz. 34) Tarixiy davrlar ham “the” bilan ishlatiladi eg: The Middle ages - O’rta asrlar TheBronze ages - Bronza davri 35) Siyosiy partiya va mashxur ko’priklar ham “the” bilan yoziladi eg: The Liberal party ,The Brooklyn Bridge ,The Golden Gate… 36) Agar gap tarkibida Elect – saylamoq Appoint , Make - tayinlamoq Fellari biron bir lavozimga nisbatan ishlatilsa o’sha lavozim hech qanaqa artikilsiz yoziladi. eg: He was elected chairman of the mecting. U majlisning raisi etib tayinlandi. 37) Agar bir xil ism va familiyadagi ikkita shaxs bo’lsa ularni mashxuri oldidan “the” ishlatamiz eg: There is Anvar Sanaev in the street .He is not the Anvar Sanaev who is a singer . He is my neighbour. Kochada Anvar Sanayev turibdi. U qo’shiqchi Anvar Sanayev emas, u mening qo’shnim. 38) Yil nomlari ko’plikda keladi va “the” bilan yoziladi . eg: in the 1990 s. – 1990 yillar 39) Quyidagi so’zlar har doim “the” bilan yoziladi in the morning in the picture in the afternoon on the map in the evening in the night in the street on the whole in the room tell the truth on the wall tell the time 40) Urush nomlari oldidan “the “ ishlatiladi. The Korean war – Koreys urushi, The Civil War - Fuqorolar urushi. Lekin 2 ta jaxon urushi oldida ishlatilmaydi. World War I , World War II = The First WorldWar , The Second World War. 41.Millatni ifodalovchi otlar ham “the” bilan ishlatiladi. The British – Britaniyaliklar. The Spanish - Ispaniyaliklar. 42) Pul birliklari “the” bilan ishlatiladi. The sum is the currency of Uzbekistan 43) Sanoqson Ikkovi deb jamlovchi manosida kelsa: The Two boys came and sat on the table. 44) Minora nomlari oldidan : The Eiffel Tower, The Tower of London 45) The ___of ____ : The bank of England. Of so`zi ikkita sifat oldidan kelsa birinchi sifatdan oldin The ikkinchi sifatdan oldin noaniq artikl ishlatiladi: I live on the ground floor of an old house near the table. 46) “space” so`zi koinot ma`nosida kelsa artikl ishlatilmaydi. : There are millions of star in space. Lekin o`rin joy manosida kelsa artikl ishlatiladi: I wanted to park my car but the space was not big enough. 47) Tarixiy hujjatlardan oldin the ishlatiladi: The constitution of Uzbekistan. 48) Capital so`zi the bilan ishlatiladi. Tashkent ish the capital of Uzbekisatn. ESLATMA.
I play football. Men futbol o’ynayman. Agar gapda aniqlovchi bo’lsa qanday ot bo’lishidan qatiy nazar “the” bilan yoziladi . eg: Where is the book which I gave you yesterday? Kecha senga bergan kitob qani? Artikl ishlatilmaydigan Holatlar 1) Sanoqsiz va ko`plikdagi umumiy manodagi otlar oldidan. I like fine weather. BUT I went to the mountain. The weather was great. 2) Oy va fasl nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi: It is winter 3) Atoqli otlar oldidan ishlatilma ydi: Islom , Bobur, Uncle Tom 4) Vulqon nomlari oldidan ishlatilmaydi Mount Vesuvius 5) Bayram nomlari oldidan ishlatiladi. Navruz, Christmas 6) Sayyora va yulduz nomlari oldidan ishlatilmaydi: Mars, Jupiter BUT the planet of Mars 7) Breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner so`zlari bilan ishlatilmaydi: I have breakfast at 7.30 But ular oldidan sifat ishlatilsa a, an ishlatiladi. I have a heavy lunch. But: Aniq pishgan ovqat manosida The ishlatiladi: Look out. The dinner is burning. 8) Shahar nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi: Texas, Urgench 9) Sport o`yinlari nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi: Kurash is a great sport. 10) Qit`a nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi: Asia, Europe lekin The North Of Asia 11) Fan nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi: mathematics, history 12. Work, home, bed so`zlaridan oldin artikl ishlatilmaydi 13) egalik olmoshidan keyin artikl ishlatilmaydi: My book is on the table. 14) ko`cha, aeroport, vokzal nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi Konney Airport. Urgench Station 15) Lake so`zi ishlatilsa artikl ishlatilmaydi: Lake Baykal lekin The Baykal, The Issiqkul 17) Central Asia, Latin America kabilarda artikl ishlatilmaydi 18) Go to sea, be at sea ...dengizda sayohatda manolarida artikl ishlatilmaydi. But I went to the sea. 19) by+transport: by air, by car, on foot, by train, by plane BUT in the car, on the plane By sea = kemada. By the sea =dengiz yonida 20) Dinlardan oldin artikl ishlatilmaydi. Islam is a holy religion 21) We called Doctor Johnson. But We called the doctor 22) Kompaniya, avia liniya nomlarida artikl ishlatilmaydi. Sony, IBM 23) Kasallik nomlari oldidan artikl ishlatilmaydi: I had measles. Mumps, rabies. Download 77.5 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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