The main factors of development Free Economic Zones
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The main factors of development Free Economic Zones. Rashidov M.K. Navoi state mining institute,Uzbekistan. It is impossible to measure the productivity of free economic zones with value indication in a completely condition. Because positive changes happen not only in the territory, but also neighbouring territories. Free Economic Zone bring social, economic product with the way of increasing foreign currency and capital money not only in their field, but also the surrounding territories. Organizing FEZ gives effect to the country, so high experienced labour resources come to the national economics, modern technologies Novahau,organizing production and practice of rule are brought and are taught to the local personnel, FEZ give marketing effect, so industrial plants, firms which could organize good work in zones will be pattern of good work to the other factories of the country. In FEZ the way of decreasing obstacles which are held by government also effect to the effectiveness of production.It helps to the speeding of liberation process in country. Another side of superiority FEZ is spreading of advanced technology. It gives direct, indirect and rivalry effects. Direct effect is industrial plants production of modern, competitively cheap goods thanks to new technologies in FEZ. Inderect effect is the impact of the industrial plant which is working with new technology in FEZ on the industrial plants which use their ready-made product deliver raw material and to it. - The effect of rivalry is industial plants which are turned to new technology strengthen the competence between firms which are in and out of zone, as a result of this they make firms use advanced technology and do scientific researches to create new technologies. FEZ also bring the effect of productivity to the social-economical economics of the country with the way of increasing the level of employment. The productivity of FEZ firstly depends on politics of building it, so solid production of politics of zones and knowing to carry out this politics one after another and right. The productivity of activity of FEZ depends on quality providing its activity with legal. That`s why if we are going to increase the productivity of FEZ we need to create a normative legal base which is appropriate to its requirements. The flourishing and productivity of FEZ depends on the extend of production of plants which are located there and the degree o being partner of these plants. Because, without them the specific economical mechanism of FEZ can`t be able to work. Not very dependent and few amount of firms usually don`t give the enough effect to the FEZ. If aside firms are drawn in, then there will be formed 2 types of running economy: zonal and local. This complicates the ruling of zone. Taking into consideration the factors which impacts on the productivity of FEZ take important role: -wisely approach to choose place for FEZ (existence of objective condition to lead partnership in the selected territory) -to take into consideration the concern of abroad investors to create the system of conveniences and privilege. -the existence of guarantee of convenient investment circumstances in receiving country. -the existence of necessary and worker infrastructure of FEZ or the existence of finance opportunity to create. -the productivity and extreme adaptation of the system of zone administrative governing In general, the experiment of world shows that, the experiment activities of FEZ are different to their result. Their effictiveness depends on choosing the right place for FEZ, taking into consideration political, economical, geographic and other factors, choosing the right direction, to be able to attract foreign investment and technology, to hasten external economical activity. The effectiveness of
organizing FEZ depends on the exact purpose of organizing FEZ in which degree and manner choosing the system of priveleges. The plural and inexactitude of pointed intention brings to the groundless spreading of the whole shapes of privilege activities as a result not giving any effect in the work of zone. The analysis of 357 economic activities which is One of the forms of Free Industrial Economic Zones, and controlled by the government of the USA Property and City Development ‘Enterprise Zones’ showed following results: 34% of employees are in designing industry, 27% are in small items, 19% are in service fields, others are busy with financial service, building, transport, communication and wholesale.The most vacant scatsare made in designing industry. Being busy in 33% of zones was higher than national degree. In industrial Zones the followings were thebest effective solutions: - Stimulating industrial development- the zones which had exact system of disposition and previlige have achieved more success than the zones which planned social abundance; -decreasing state and local taxes, giving credit cards for investigation; - decreasing taxes on sale, property, rotary movement of money; -syllabuses of crediting work places; -participation and benefit(interest) of local authorities. In order to achieve effective results in free industrial zones explorers think the followings the most important: -set up fertility and efficiency of rejected soils and productions -to create working places in large amount for regional population -to develop cooperation between social and private sectors Having analysed of futule FEZ showed that we should note following mistakes which was made in a step of planning zone`s activity: -Choosing not appropriate place for example,being put in a place where soil and air transportation was not developed.
-not paying enough attention to create main objects of infrastructure for example, means of communication and providing with energy, not being in a required rate. -not being enough developed organizational communication between zone`s administration with different state organizations, for example, not having good relation with the Financial Ministry, the Customs Office, the Tax Committee and etc., in order to have effective results from work they should have good relation with them and their supports. -using widely and mostly from bureaucracy affects to efficiency of work. For making little mistakes, examining the project, of course, by a notable, reliable and international ekspert is advisable. It gives a chance to bring a minimum and to correct a bit mistakes on the primary stage.The difficulties in registering international investors, negative feautures of advertisement and agitation of zone superiority will affect strongly on effectiveness of work. According to following scales it is possible to estimate the productivity of Navoi FEZ`s activity: -the trend of foreign capital, taking into consideration the number of the joint factory which is working in zone area; -lowering of expense spending to the import of Country`s products; -the contribution of export`s product in the general size of production; -specialization to new types of activity such as development of service to NFEZ; -getting better of supplement industrying of service; -newly created job houses, increase the rate of being busy in zone. But, one can not count the exact number of free economic zone`s result, some of them can be late or delayed relating to time . This kind of results called direct results or efficiency, we can include them in the following criterias: becoming easier getting acquainted with new technologies; master new methods of organizing and controlling firm activity extend eksportbase of the country; Creating new branches; Get rid of regional inappropriacy; To save and develop cadres capacity (involve experts from regions and foreign countries, migration between companies and etc.). To sum up, measuring the productivity of FEZ as complicated mattervery much. Because its positive influence effects not only to the productivity of the work of active-working factory in this zone, but also to the work- productivity of whole region, to the neighbor region, even, to the economics of the whole country too. Besides/ the activity of FEZ doesn`t give a result immediately(first of all, social result), so it requires some kind of amount of time. If in FEZ the salary of workers who are in available zone begin to increase, the investment from foreign countries comes much more, the number of unemployed begin to decrease, the products in the markets get larger, thus, FEZ is working very well. For creativity FEZs, if FEZ is conformed according to all rules and demands and preparation and organizational works be done carefully from the beginning, there is a guarantee for that FEZ will work effectively.
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