The ministry of higher and secondary education of the republic of uzbekistan

Chapter l
1.1Morphology
Morphology (Greek morphe — form and... logy) (in linguistics) — 1) morphological construction of language; 2) the doctrine of word forms. In the first sense, it means an object, and in the second sense, it means the branch of linguistics that studies this object. It is also divided into 3 large groups: 1) independent word groups; 2) auxiliary words; 3) intermediate words (separate words)
M. studies word groups, their specific grammatical meanings, grammatical categories specific to each group, grammatical forms and grammatical meanings that create these categories, and shahrik. As the language consists of a system, its M. is also a unique system. In turn, the morphological system consists of specific sub-systems. By clarifying the essence of each of them, the M. of the language is studied as a whole, as a system.
Internal systems (systems) specific to each word group are formed by morphological categories specific to this group. Morphological categories consist of a unit of general and specific meanings of a specific phenomenon and word forms representing these meanings. The essence of certain morphological categories is determined by highlighting these word forms and their general and specific meanings. In other words, the essence of one of the internal systems within the morphological system is determined. For example, the tense category of the verb forms a separate system in the M. of the verb. Therefore, the term "verb tense system" is also used in relation to the tenses of the verb. The tense category of the verb, the essence of the tense system is that all tenses indicate the relation of the action to the time of speech (moment of speech). This is a feature common to all tenses. At the same time, the verb form (forms) of each tense has its own characteristics. For example, the past tense forms indicate that the action is performed before the time of speech, the present tense forms indicate that the action is performed during the time of speech, and the future tense forms indicate that the action is performed after the time of speech. These general and specific features of verb tense forms are the essence of the category of tenses, the system of verb tenses. Therefore, the morphological system of the verb is illuminated by determining the essence of each morphological category of the verb family. The past tense forms indicate that the action is performed before the time of speech, the present tense forms indicate that the action is performed during the speech, and the future tense forms indicate that the action is performed after the time of speech. These general and specific features of verb tense forms are the essence of the category of tenses, the system of verb tenses. Therefore, the morphological system of the verb is illuminated by determining the essence of each morphological category of the verb family. The past tense forms indicate that the action is performed before the time of speech, the present tense forms indicate that the action is performed during the speech, and the future tense forms indicate that the action is performed after the time of speech. These general and specific features of verb tense forms are the essence of the category of tenses, the system of verb tenses. Therefore, the morphological system of the verb is illuminated by determining the essence of each morphological category of the verb family.[1]
term denoting a specific word in a specific grammatical form. A word, which is a unit of speech, has a form indicating a specific meaning and function, and it is a word form. This feature is characteristic only for independent noun groups, and even then only for noun, adjective, and verb groups. Words belonging to these categories are used in speech in forms that realize a specific grammatical meaning and task specific to the category to which it belongs. For example, nouns are used in one of the forms specific to the category of number and agreement (to friends - plural number, form of the agreement of departure), verbs are used in one of the forms specific to the category of ratio, tense (showed - cumulative ratio, past tense). But the word that has a specific grammatical meaning and function has this meaning in speech. can also be used without a task recorder indicator (form builder). Mac: The word "book" in the sentence "The book on the table caught my eye" is in the singular, subject form, but does not have an indicator to express these meanings. This is called the "zero pointer form". The fact that these are special grammatical forms is determined in relation to other forms (forms) that contradict each other. For example, the singular form of the word "book" in the the above sentence is determined in relation to the plural form "books", and the main agreement form is determined in relation to other agreement forms that have a special indicator (for example, the indicative form of "the book", the exit form "from the book"). , that is, it is considered a form of agreement. in the form of a head agreement, but does not have an indicator that expresses these meanings. This is called the "zero pointer form". The fact that these are special grammatical forms is determined in relation to other forms (forms) that contradict each other. For example, the singular form of the word "book" in the above sentence is determined in relation to the plural form "books", and the main agreement form is determined in relation to other agreement forms that have a special indicator (for example, the indicative form of "the book", the exit form "from the book"). , that is, it is considered a form of agreement. defined in relation to other form(s) viewed in relation to each other. For example, the singular form of the word "book" in the above sentence is determined in relation to the plural form "books", and the main agreement form is determined in relation to other agreement forms that have a special indicator (for example, the indicative form of "the book", the exit form "from the book"). , that is, it is considered a form of agreement. defined in relation to other form(s) viewed in relation to each other. For example, the singular form of the word "book" in the above sentence is determined in relation to the plural form "books", and the main agreement form is determined in relation to other agreement forms that have a special indicator (for example, the indicative form of "the book", the exit form "from the book"). , that is, it is considered a form of agreement.