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1.4. “Santiago’s hands” metaphorical chain
His hands “had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert” (Hemingway, p.10). → Later, during his encounter with the marlin, the line cuts his right hand when the fish lurches. Santiago understands, “You’re feeling it now, fish... And so, God knows, am I” (Hemingway, p.56). → As his hand cramps, and he begins to worry about the possibility of sharks, the old man’s suffering is evident. → So, this metaphorical image of Santiago’s bleeding hand, in conjunction with his suffering at sea, recalls the image of Jesus Christ’s hand bloodied by the nails used to crucify him. Appropriately, it is only when the boy “saw the old man’s hands” (Hemingway, p.122) that he starts to cry.
Another metaphorical figure can be “Santiago’s Mast”. Christian imagery returns near the end of the novel when Santiago shoulders his mast after returning, and climbs towards his shack. It was only then that “he knew the depth of his tiredness” . As the old man stumbles home he falls, and finds the mast on his back too heavy to rise with. The imagery of Christ carrying his cross continues as Santiago “put the mast down and stood up. He picked the mast up and put it on his shoulder and started up the road. He had to sit down five times before he reached his shack” . Even after his three days of suffering the old man dutifully carries his burden on his back, Christ-like, before falling into a well-deserved sleep.
The Great DiMaggio, New-York Yankee Joe DiMaggio, whose career Santiago follows in the newspapers is a metaphorical character that means a two time American League Most Valuable Player, and one of the greatest baseball players ever was plagued by injuries throughout the second half of his career. One of the better known injuries was the bone spur in the heel of his left foot, which limited his abilities in 1946. The next year, however, DiMaggio made a comeback with another season. Santiago sees the Great DiMaggio as an ultimate symbol of resilience and courage.
In the novel Santiago is slowly losing his ability to be an effective participant in his life because of the limitations that are associated with aging. Hemingway also experiences inabilities that he has never known and which bring him into a depression. Santiago is beginning to believe that he is not a participant in his life so he doesn’t depress himself by dreaming of anything other than the lions, who are participants. In his dreams, Santiago is living vicariously through the lions. The lions represent all that Hemingway ever was, and what he wishes he still could be. The tourists in the novel are metaphors for what Hemingway isn’t.
“The tourists” are metaphors for the people Hemingway believes live their lives as passive observers. The tourists appear only briefly but the statement that Hemingway makes through them is profound. «I didn't know sharks had such handsome tails.” “I didn't either,” her male companion said. These two tourists who speak are hardly differentiated from the group to which they belong. They are all metaphors for individuals who are spectators of the human scene rather than participants in its activity. They see, but they see without fully comprehending. They are only faintly curious, passively interested, superficially observing, they have not been initiated into the mysteries that Santiago understands. These tourists live their lives as tourists, skimming the surface of life, without resolution or clarity.
Their life reflects that of all people who dare not grapple with the mysteries of the ocean, or of life. This is the type of life that Hemingway always tried to avoid, to the point of his taking his own life. Hemingway uses metaphors to reflect his opinions of life and the people that he has met in life. The metaphor of the sea symbolizes all of life and the roles that people must choose to have in life. The lions are the metaphor for the people Hemingway respects and the type of person Hemingway is. The tourists are a metaphor for the individuals who choose to live their life as onlookers but never participants³. Through Hemingway’s use of penetrating metaphors in his novels, readers gain an understanding of Hemingway’s life and or their own. Through his novels Hemingway challenges every member of society to admit that most people are observers and through his novels dares them to head out to sea and 1.3.4.Metaphor analysis of the novel Old Man and the Seecatch their marlin.1.3.4.Metaphor analysis of the novel Old Man and the Sea.