potent drug to be taken by millions of healthy
people and the active ingredient is still the
same.
12.
Risks of smoking
Two important studies in the 1950s led
to evidence about the harmful effects of
tobacco. Since then there has been a
gradual decline
in the numbers of people
smoking and dying of tobacco-related
disease.
13. Sanitation
First
came the industrial revolution, then
urbanisation. By the 1800s infectious
diseases were everywhere. Cholera
outbreaks turned
attention to urban water
systems and modern sanitation was born.
By the beginning of the 20th century death
rates fell.
14. Vaccines
Louis Pasteur’s
invention of the rabies
vaccine in 1885 paved the way for every
other vaccine. The discovery has saved
millions of lives.
15. Tissue
culture
The invention of laboratory-reared tissue
cultures has played a role in 18 out of the
last 52 Nobel prizes for medicine. Using
tissue culture doctors
can grow viruses for
experimentation and test drugs.
Milestones that showed the way to modern medicine
Level 1
Elementary
Comprehension check
3
Answer the questions true or false.
1. Anaesthesia was the first wonder drug.
2. Newborn babies are tested for DNA.
3. Clinical trials contain bias.
4. Infection caused more deaths in the 19th century than the 20th century.
5. X-rays are used for diagnosis and treatment.
6. Oral rehydration therapy is expensive for developing countries.
7. The ingredients for the pill have changed many times.
8. Deaths from tobacco have gone down since the 1950s.
9. Sanitation killed many people in the 19th century.
10. Louis Pasteur invented every vaccine.
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