The Ten Essential ielts vocabulary

existential threats such as famine, drought or outbreaks of disease. These problems are often caused by (or are compounded by) civil war, political instability or the corruption of people in power locally. Such risks are a danger to their safety in addition to their livelihood, and so would appear to be far more serious than unemployment.
To conclude, it seems logical to accept that joblessness is a major challenge for young people. However, persistent trends in demographics among developed countries and the presence of physical dangers in developing countries should be regarded as at least as severe.

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Explanation of the topic vocabulary and examples in Speaking


a challenge = a problem or difficulty to be faced


The West faces many challenges due to its ageing population.


economic or political instability = a rapid, unmanaged change in a country’s economy or political situation


Economic instability causes many people to move abroad to seek reliable work.


social unrest = riots, protests or fighting by the public against each other or the government Social unrest is spreading from the countryside to the cities, and the police are not responding. an issue = a topic, subject or question that must be considered
The issue of petrol price inflation is not often discussed in the media.


pressing matters = urgent, important issues


I could not go to the college reunion because of more pressing matters at home with my family.


joblessness = a synonym for ‘unemployment’


Joblessness among older people is actually higher than among recent graduates.