The Ten Essential ielts vocabulary

rural unemployment = unemployment affecting rural workers specifically Rural unemployment has been ameliorated by innovative Internet start-ups.
rural poverty = being extremely poor in the countryside
Rural poverty is a long-term situation exacerbated by lack of infrastructure and training.


material considerations = concerns about money and material possessions


You can’t only think of material considerations when deciding who to marry, I feel.


an abundance = a very high level of supply or availability of something In the mountains, there’s an abundance of wild flowers and goats.


wildlife = animals living naturally in the wild


It’s surprising how much wildlife you can see in the suburbs in Australia.


forestry = the industry of growing and cutting trees


When I graduate, I want to work for a responsible forestry company. water bodies = inland areas of water (rivers, lakes, reservoirs etc) My country is very arid and has almost no water bodies. subsistence = adjective meaning ‘producing just enough to live on’
Subsistence farmers grow their own food but have little left to sell for profit.


self-sufficient = not needing to import or buy resources from outside the farm or country During the war, our country became self-sufficient in crops and fuel.
smallholders = farmers managing very small farms, usually with their families


I worked on a project training smallholders in South America in how to lobby politicians for
reform.


the wider economy = the national economy in a country


My business is growing, despite the decline in the wider economy.


to afflict = to affect (used for problems or diseases)


Many forests in my area are afflicted by wood disease which attacks the trees.