The Ten Essential ielts vocabulary

to settle in a place = to move and live there permanently, usually with work and a family I was born in Asia, but my parents settled in the USA when I was very young.
urban sprawl = the situation where a city expands and buildings are constructed without control or laws


Urban sprawl has resulted in the rapid expansion of many Asian cities, with resulting damage to the environment.


public-private partnerships = projects funded jointly by the government and business, to reduce the cost to the taxpayer


My country has just installed a new tunnel under the central mountains, run by a public-private partnership.


civic pride = the pride felt in the town/city where you live, its people and infrastructure
As a symbol of civic pride, we built a new park zone with sports amenities and educational exhibitions.


tax incentives = reductions in tax to encourage people to do or buy something


We should use tax incentives to encourage more people to try using their own solar panels at
home.


home working = working in your home for all or part of the week Home working can be quite an isolated way to do your job.
to commute = to travel a long distance to work every day


I live in the suburbs and commute by train to the city centre.


suburbs = the residential areas around a city


Life in the suburbs can be rather boring, to be honest.


the inner city = the older, central part of a city Inner city housing is often overcrowded and noisy.
communal car-pooling = a voluntary system for people to travel in a shared car, to reduce fuel use


I tried car-pooling, but it was difficult to arrange the journeys with three other people.