Theme: Samarkand Plan: Etymology History Geography People
Climate data for Samarkand (1981–2010)
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Samarkand
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People According to the official version, the main part of the inhabitants of Samarkand are Uzbeks, who are the Turkic people. But most of the "Uzbeks" are in fact actually Tajiks (Iranian people), but on the passport, in the column, ethnicity is listed as Uzbeks. In fact, about 70% of Samarkand residents are Tajik (Persian)-speaking Tajiks. Tajiks are especially concentrated in the east of the city, where the main architectural monuments of Samarkand are. According to various independent sources, Tajiks are the major ethnic group in the city, while ethnic Uzbeks form a growing minority. Exact figures are difficult to evaluate, since some people in Uzbekistan either identify as "Uzbek" even though they speak Tajik as their first language, or because they are registered as Uzbeks by the central government despite their Tajik language and identity. As explained by Paul Bergne: During the census of 1926 a significant part of the Tajik population was registered as Uzbek. Thus, for example, in the 1920 census in Samarkand city the Tajiks were recorded as numbering 44,758 and the Uzbeks only 3301. According to the 1926 census, the number of Uzbeks was recorded as 43,364 and the Tajiks as only 10,716. In a series of kishlaks [villages] in the Khojand Okrug, whose population was registered as Tajik in 1920 e.g. in Asht, Kalacha, Akjar i Tajik and others, in the 1926 census they were registered as Uzbeks. Similar facts can be adduced also with regard to Ferghana, Samarkand, and especially the Bukhara oblasts. Uzbeks are in fact a minority in Samarkand, but are the second largest nation after the Tajiks, and are most concentrated in the west of Samarkand. The third largest ethnic group in Samarkand are Iranians, who mostly live in the west and south-west of Samarkand, in several large Iranian quarters, the largest and most famous is the Iranian quarter Panjab. Samarkandian Iranians mostly speak Uzbek language, with an Iranian accent. Iranians began to move to Samarkand from the 17th century, and their flow to this city intensified in the 19th century and in the early 20th century. Thus, about 100 thousand Iranians now live in Samarkand. They mainly arrived from the cities of Khorasan (Mashhad, Nishapur, Sabzevar, Astrabad), Iranian Azerbaijan (Tabriz, Zanjan, Ardabil) and Merv. Also in Samarkand there is a large diaspora of Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Armenians, Azeris, Tatars, Koreans, Poles, Germans, who also mostly live in the center and in the west of Samarkand. The main language of these nationalities is Russian language. These peoples have arrived in Samarkand since the end of the 19th century, and especially in Soviet times, and have stayed here forever. In the extreme west and southwest of Samarkand, Central Asian Arabs also live, who mostly speak Uzbek, and only a small part of the older generation speaks Central Asian Arabic. Also in the east of Samarkand there is a large mahalla of Bukharian (Central Asian) Jews, where only a few Jewish families are left today. The remaining hundreds of thousands of Jews left Uzbekistan from the 1970s to Israel, United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. Also in the eastern part of Samarkand there are several quarters, where Central Asian Gypsies (Luli, Djugi, Mugat, Parya and other groups) live, who hail from the modern territories of India and Pakistan, who began to arrive in Samarkand several centuries ago. They mainly speak a special dialect of the Tajik language, as well as their own languages (the Parya language is most known). Language Greeting in two languages: Uzbek (Latin) and Tajik (Cyrllic) at the entrance to one of the mahallas (Bo'zi) of Samarkand The state and official language in Samarkand, as in all Uzbekistan, is Uzbek language, which is one of the Turkic languages. 95% of signs and inscriptions in the city in Uzbek language (mostly in Uzbek Latin alphabet). Officially, it is believed that the most common language in Samarkand is Uzbek, but in fact, according to some data, this language is native to about 30% of the residents of Samarkand. The other inhabitants of Samarkand speak the Uzbek language as the second language. There is no accurate data on this, since there has been no population census in Uzbekistan since 1989. Uzbek language is the mother tongue of Uzbeks, Turkmens, Samarkandian Iranians, and most Samarkandian Arabs who live in Samarkand. As in the rest of Uzbekistan, Russian language is de facto the second official language in Samarkand, and about 5% of signs and inscriptions in Samarkand are in this language. Russians, Belarusians, Poles, Germans, Koreans, the majority of Ukrainians, the majority of Armenians, Greeks, part of Tatars and part of Azerbaijanis speak Russian in Samarkand. Several newspapers in Russian are published in Samarkand, the most popular of which is "Samarkandskiy vestnik" (Russian: Самаркандский вестник — Samarkand Herald), Samarkandian TV channel STV partially broadcasts in Russian language. De facto, the most common native language in Samarkand is Tajik language (Tajiki), which is one of the dialects or variants of the Persian language (Farsi). Samarkand was one of those cities where Persian language developed. Here, at various times, many Persian classical poets and writers lived or visited, the most famous Abulqasem Ferdowsi, Omar Khayyam, Abdurahman Jami, Abu Abdullah Rudaki, Suzani Samarqandi, Kamal Khujandi and others. According to some, the native language of about 70% of the inhabitants of Samarkand is Tajik language. These about 70% speak Uzbek as a second language, and Russian as a third language. Despite the fact that Tajik language is actually one of the two (with Uzbek language) most common languages in Samarkand, this language has no status of an official or regional language. In the city of Samarkand only one newspaper is published in Tajik language (in Cyrllic Tajik alphabet), which is called "Ovozi Samarqand" (Tajik: Овози Самарқанд — Voice of Samarkand). Local Samarkandian STV and "Samarqand" TV channels also broadcast partially in Tajik language, also a regional radio station partly broadcasts in Tajik language In addition to Uzbek, Tajik and Russian languages, for some residents of Samarkand, the native language is Ukrainian (for some Ukrainians), Armenian (only Eastern Armenian), Azerbaijani, Tatar, Crimean Tatar, Arabic (for a very small percentage of Samarkandian Arabs), and other languages. Download 0.85 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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