ThemeV: The Old Engish grammar

Questions
1. What is the subject and aims of history of English?
2. Explain why linguistic changes are usually slow and gradual.
3. At first glance the vocabulary of the language seems to change very rapidly, as new words spring up all the time. Could the following words be regarded as absolutely new? (Note the meaning, component parts and word-building pattern): jet-plane (cf. airplane), type script (cf. manuscript, air-lift, baby-sitter, sputnik, safari, best-seller, cyclization, air-taxi, astrobiology, sun, suit, pepper, gas.)
4. In the 14thc. the following words were pronounced exactly as they are spelt, the Latin letters retaining their original sound values. Show the phonetic changes since the 14thc: moon, fat, meet, rider, want, knee, turn, first, first, part, for, often, e.g. nut-[nut]>[nat].
Key words
dead language – ўлик тил, ёзма манбалардан маълум бўлган, ҳозир кундалик ҳаётда қўлланмайдиган тиллар;
language materials: phonetics, grammar, vocabulary- тил материли: талаффуз, грамматика, лексика;
the evolution of language- тилнинг ривожланиш натижасида ўзгариши;
linguistic situation- тил муҳити, яъни қабила, давлат ва халқ тарихига доир, давлатдаги сиёсий, иқтисодий ва маданий ўзгаришларнинг тилга таъсири доирасидаги тил муҳити.

Lecture II
Theme II: Germanic languages
Plans:
1. The classification of Germanic languages.
2. Linguistic features of Germanic languages.
3. Chronological divisions in the History of English.
Literature

1. 
   Алексеева И.В. Древнеанглийский язык. –M.: Просвещение, 1971. –270 с.
   
2. 
   Линский В.Я. Сборник упражнений по истории английского языка. –Л.: ЛГУ, 1983. –164 с.
   
3. 
   Резник Р.В., Сорокина Т.А., Резник И.В. История английского языка (на английском языке). –2-е изд. –М.: Флинта: Наука, 2003. –496 с.
   
4. 
   Fisiak J. A Short Grammar of Middle English. –Warszawa: PWN, 1970. –139 с.
   
5. 
   Ilyish B. History of the English language. –Л.: Просвещение, 1973. –332 с.
   
6. 
   Ilyish B. The Structures of Modern English. –Л.: Просвещение, 1965. –378 с.
   
7. 
   Mortan A. L. A People’s History of England. –NY: International Publishers, 1974. –590 p.
   
8. 
   Rastorguyeva T.A. A History of English. –M.: Vysšaja škola, 1983. –347 pp.
   
9. 
   Zaitseva S. D. Early Britain. –M.: Просвещение, 1975. –254 с.
   

1. Languages can be classified according to different principles. The historical or genealogical classification, groups’ languages in accordance with their origin is from a common linguistic ancestor.

Genetically, English belongs to the Germanic or Teutonic group of languages, which is one of the twelve groups of the IE linguistic family. Most of the area of Europe and large parts of other continents are OCCUT pied today by the IE languages, Germanic being one of their major groups.
The Germanic languages in the modern world are as follows: