Theoretical grammar of english and the main domains of language in it

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Linguists who study theoretical grammar can sometimes disagree on certain
aspects of practical grammar. Scientists rely on the one hand on research in the
field of general linguistics, and on the other hand on the real phenomena of speech.
Practical grammar develops based on the analysis of the phenomena of real
speech, as well as the provisions of theoretical grammar. That is why normative
and theoretical grammars are independent sections of linguistics, although
inextricably linked with each other. Authors of textbooks on practical grammar can
also sometimes interpret different grammatical material in different ways, because
they all belong to different directions in theoretical grammar.
Language is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon, to study and it can be described
from different angles: as mental or cognitive phenomenon, as a social
phenomenon, from the point of view historical changes, etc. Language is included
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in the field of scientific interests of linguists, philosophers, anthropologists,
culturologists, psychologists. 
The definition of language depends on the aspect of the study. Language is
considered by linguists from three main positions: 
1) language as a text (the result of speech activity of speakers, presented in the
form of a variety of speech products: literary texts, newspapers, interviews, various
documents etc.); 
2) language as a system (the result of linguistic research, reflected in dictionaries,
monographs, dissertations, dedicated to various aspects of the language and aiming
establish their systematic patterns); 
3) language as competence (language in the mind of the speaker, i.e. knowledge 
language and readiness to realize this knowledge). 
First of all, the language is considered as a special sign system. The system is
a structured set elements united by some common function. Language - it is a
system of specific, interrelated and interdependent linguistic signs combined by
function formation, storage and transmission of information. Being inextricably
linked in its origin and development with given human collective, language is a
social phenomenon, it is a means of communication.
The basics of the systematic description of the language were formulated in 
late XIX - early XX century in the works of such scientists as I.A. Baudouin de
Courtenay, A.A. Potebnya and others. Founder systems approach in linguistics is
considered the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. 
Syntax, Phonetics, Semantics, Pragmatics, Phonology and Morphology are
the main domains of language. After reading this article, you will have a brief
understanding about them.
Syntax is the section of grammar that studies a phrase and a sentence.
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Phonetics. In the 19th century, phonetics was considered part of grammar.
Henry Sweet, an eminent English grammarist, devoted several chapters of his work
on practical grammar to word stress and phrasal stress, as well as their impact on
grammatical phenomena.
The connection between phonetics and grammar is undeniable. A shift in
stress in a word leads to a change in the part of speech. A change in melodic
(intonation) also leads to a change in the part of speech (dancing teacher) or
changes the structural type of the sentence.
Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics, which is the study of language.
Pragmatics focuses on conversational implicature, which is a process in which the
speaker implies and a listener infers. Simply put, pragmatics studies language that
is not directly spoken. Instead, the speaker hints at or suggests a meaning, and the
listener assumes the correct intention.
In a sense, pragmatics is seen as an understanding between people to obey
certain rules of interaction. In everyday language, the meanings of words and
phrases are constantly implied and not explicitly stated. In certain situations, words
can have a certain meaning. You might think that words always have a specifically
defined meaning, but that is not always the case. Pragmatics studies how words can
be interpreted in different ways based on the situation.
Semantics, also called semiotics, semology, or semasiology, the
philosophical and scientific study of meaning in natural and artificial languages.
Phonology is a branch of linguistics that studies the structure of the sound
structure of a language and the functioning of sounds in the language system. The
main unit of phonology is the phoneme, the main object of research is the
opposition of phonemes, which together form the phonological system of the
language.
Morphology is a section of grammar that studies the form of a word.
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