Theoretical Grammar


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prepositional. The basic prepositionless NPs with post-posed adjuncts are: Nadj. – tea strong, NVen – the 
shape unknown, NVing – the girl smiling, ND – the man downstairs, NVinf – a book to read, NNum – room 
ten
The pattern of basic prepositional NPs is N1 prep. N2. The most common preposition here is ‘of’ – a cup of tea
a man of courage. It may have quite different meanings: qualitative - a woman of sense, predicativethe 
pleasure of the companyobjective – the reading of the newspaperpartitive – the roof of the house. 
 
7. The verb-phrase. 
The VP is a definite kind of the subordinate phrase with the verb as the head. The verb is considered to be 
the semantic and structural centre not only of the VP but of the whole sentence as the verb plays an important 
role in making up primary predication that serves the basis for the sentence. VPs are more complex than NPs as 
there are a lot of ways in which verbs may be combined in actual usage. Valent properties of different verbs and 
their semantics make it possible to divide all the verbs into several groups depending on the nature of their 
complements (see the table ‘Syntagmatic properties of verbs’, Lecture 6). 
8. Classification of verb-phrases.
VPs can be classified according to the nature of their complements – verb complements may be nominal (to 
see a house) and adverbial (to behave well). Consequently, we distinguish nominal, adverbial and mixed 
complementation. 
Nominal complementation takes place when one or more nominal complements (nouns or pronouns) are 
obligatory for the realization of potential valency of the verb: to give smth. to smb., to phone smb., to hear 
smth.(smb.), etc. 
Adverbial complementation occurs when the verb takes one or more adverbial elements obligatory for the 
realization of its potential valency: He behaved well, I live …in Kyiv (here). 
Mixed complementation – both nominal and adverbial elements are obligatory: He put his hat on he table 
(nominal-adverbial). 
According to the structure VPs may be basic or simple (to take a book) – all elements are obligatory; 

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