Theory of phonetics

Mediolingual – edges of the tongue are pressed to the upper teeth.
Backlingual(=velar)- the root of the tongue makes the obstruction.
Apical-alveolar – inner surface of the upper teeth are on the alveolar range.
Cacuminal (=post alveolar) the top of the tongue is slightly bent, the back part of the top of the tongue acts.
I I. According to the manner of producing the noise and the type of obstruction.

o cclusive constrictive affricates

[C], [G]
p losive sonorants fricatives
[p], [b], [t], [f], [v], [s], [z], [S],
[d], [k], [g] [Z], [T], [D], [h]
nasal median lateral
[m], [n], [N]; [w], [r], [j]; [l]
Occlusive – complete obstruction for the stream of the air.
Constrictive - incomplete obstruction for the stream of the air when articulating organs are drawn together.
Affricates – when complete obstruction becomes incomplete.
Fricatives – the glottis is not too wide.
Sonorants – voice prevails over noise.
Nasal – the stream of the air goes through the nose (nasal cavity).
Median – the air goes along the tongue.
Lateral – the stream of the air goes along the edges of the tongue.
I II. Vocal cords can be:

closed and vibrate taken apart

vowels and voiced the stream of the air goes
consonants are produced out freely and voiceless
consonants are produced
III. Modifications of consonants in connected speech.
Language in every day use is performed in connected sequence of words, phrases and longer utterances. There are some remarkable differences between the pronunciation of a word in isolation and of the same word in a block of connected speech. These changes are mostly quite regular and predictable. Numerous modifications of sounds are observed both within words and at word boundaries because speech sounds influence each other in the flow of speech. As a result of the intercourse between consonants and vowels and within each class there appear such processes of connected speech as assimilation, accommodation, vowel reduction and elision which is sometimes termed deletion.