Theory of phonetics

\Look at the 'picture. – \Sorry, I \can’t. I’m →looking 'for my \glasses.
Or to 'turn 'on – to 'turn 'off
to 'put (smth) 'on – 'put (smth) 'off;
to 'get 'up, to 'come 'up, to 'give 'in, etc.
Words with meaningful prefixes are likewise semantically opposed to those without prefixes. For example,
'comfort – 'discomfort under'stand –' misunder'stand
'moral – 'im'moral re'sistible – 'ir'resistible
con'venient –'incon'venient 'climax – 'anti'climax
'stop – 'non-'stop 'educated - 'un'educated
The instability of English accentual structure of words presents much difficulty for Russian / Ukrainian learners. The accentual structure of English words in speech continuum is inseparably connected with the rhythmic organization of speech
chain.
When stressing words (lexical units) the major factor is the force of articulation because lexical units are usually pronounced with more force than articles, particles, prepositions, etc. However melody is not important at this level. Syntagmatic stress combines both force and pitch change. The factors that contribute to the logical stress are force and melody with both factors probably being equal from the point of view of their importance. At the same time comparing with syntagmatic stress there is more melody and more force in logical stress. With the emphatic stress melody comes as №1. Another important feature is voice range and variations. Length is significant too because it always indicate emotions.


Topics for discussion.

1. 
   What do we contribute to the concept of stress? What is significant in making the sound prominent? What are the main components of word stress? Is there any difference between the terms “prominence” and “stress” in speech? What are the main degrees of stress?
   
2. 
   What are the main types of word stress? What role do they carry out?
   
3. 
   What causes shift of word stress? How can words be classified according to it?