Theory of phonetics

P itch span 2. extended – exposed emo-
3. restricted – unexposed tions

4Hallo 5Hallo 6Hallo 7Hallo
4Hallo – we are nervous and afraid of something
5Hallo – a member of the male sex towards a young pretty member of the female sex.
6Hallo – we are in state of nervousness and excitement (but without fear of showing any
emotions). Some positive attitude or emotion is being expressed.
7Hallo – desire to express sincerity, responsibility, heartfelt emotion.
One will go down / up in one’s normal speaking range.
Pitch levels may be high, medium and low.
High
Medium
Low

The meaning of the intonation group is the combination of the “meaning” of the terminal tone and the pre-nuclear part combined with the “meaning” of pitch range and pitch level. The parts of the intonation pattern can be combined in various ways representing changes in meaning, cf.: The High Level Head combined with the Low Fall, The High Fall, The Low Rise, The High Rise, The Fall-Rise.

Come at \ night. – reserved, calm; firm, serious, pressing
Come at / night. – encouraging, friendly, soothing, patronizing
Come at ' night. - questioning
Come at night. – surprising, concerned
Come at v night. - intensely encouraging, protesting
It should be noted that the more the height of the pitch contrasts within the intonation pattern the more emphatic the intonation group sounds.
Unbe \ lievable. (calm, unemotional, unsympathetic)
S he has returned.
Unbe \ lievable. (expressing reproach, contradict-
tion)
The tempo is the third component of intonation. It implies the rate of the utterance and pausation. The rate of speech can be normal, slow and fast. The parts of the utterance which are particularly important sound slower. Unimportant parts are commonly pronounced at a greater speed than normal, e.g.
“My mother considers John to be the most responsible young man she has ever seen,” – said Kate.
The word combination “the most responsible young man” expresses the main idea of the utterance that is why it is the slowest part of it.
Any stretch of speech can be split into smaller portions, i.e. phonetic wholes (a chain of oral speech which is semantically and intonationally complete), phrases, intonation groups by means of pauses. By “pause” we mean a complete stop of phonation. They can be:

1. 
   short to separate intonation groups within a phrase;
   
2. 
   longer to manifest the end of the phrase;
   
3. 
   very long to separate phonetic wholes.
   

Functionally, there may be distinguished these types of pauses: