Tilshunoslikda pragmatika nima?

Pragmatika tilshunoslikning muhim sohasidir. Bu bizga so'zlar va iboralarning tom ma'nosidan tashqariga qarashga yordam beradi va ma'no muayyan kontekstda qanday tuzilganiga e'tibor qaratishimizga imkon beradi. Boshqa odamlar bilan muloqot qilganda, tinglovchi va so'zlovchi o'rtasida doimiy ravishda ma'no muzokaralari mavjud. Pragmatika bu muzokaraga qaraydi va odamlar bir-birlari bilan muloqot qilganda nimani anglatishini tushunishga intiladi.

Pragmatikaning lingvistik sohasini batafsilroq ko‘rib chiqishdan oldin “pragmatika” atamasi bilan to‘g‘ri tanishib chiqamiz.

Tilshunoslikda pragmatika nima?
Pragmatika so'zlarning so'zma-so'z ma'nosi bilan ularning ijtimoiy kontekstdagi mo'ljallangan ma'nosi o'rtasidagi farqni ko'rib chiqadi. Bu kinoya, metafora va niyat kabi narsalarni hisobga oladi.

Oxford Companion to Philosophy (1995) pragmatikani quyidagicha ta'riflaydi:

Malumot, haqiqat yoki grammatikaga emas, balki foydalanuvchilarga va tildan foydalanish kontekstiga e'tibor qaratadigan tilni o'rganish"

Pragmatika tilshunoslik sohasi bo'lganligi sababli, bu atamaning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri sinonimi yo'q. Pragmatikaning turli jihatlari mavjud, masalan, nazarda tutilgan ma'no va nutq aktlari. Bu jihatlar umuman pragmatika sohasini tushunishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.

"pragmatik" so'zining antonimlari

Pragmatika sohasi uchun bevosita antonimlar mavjud emas. Pragmatika tilni o'rganish asosini yaratadigan 7 ta lingvistik tizimdan biridir. Bular: fonetika, fonologiya, morfologiya, grammatika, sintaksis, semantika va pragmatika.
Why is pragmatics important?
Pragmatics is key to understanding language use in context and is a useful basis for understanding language interactions.

Imagine a world where you had to explain everything you meant in full; there could be no slang, jokes probably wouldn't be funny, and conversations would be twice as long!

Let's take a look at what life would be like without pragmatics. -Pragmatika nima uchun muhim?

Pragmatika tildan foydalanishni kontekstda tushunishning kalitidir va til o'zaro ta'sirini tushunish uchun foydali asosdir.

Siz nimani nazarda tutganingizni to'liq tushuntirishingiz kerak bo'lgan dunyoni tasavvur qiling; jargon bo'lishi mumkin emas, hazillar, ehtimol, kulgili bo'lmaydi va suhbatlar ikki barobar uzun bo'lardi!

Keling, pragmatiklarsiz hayot qanday bo'lishini ko'rib chiqaylik.

'What time do you call this?! '

Literal meaning = What time is it?

Real meaning = Why are you so late?!

Because of the insights of pragmatics, we know that the speaker does not actually want to know what time it is, but is making the point that the other person is late. In this case, it would be best to apologise rather than give the speaker the time!

Now, consider the following sentences. How many different meanings can they have? How important is context when inferring the meaning of each sentence?

“Buni soat nechi deysiz?! '

To'g'ridan-to'g'ri ma'nosi = Vaqt necha?

Haqiqiy ma'no = Nega juda kech qoldingiz?!

Pragmatik tushunchalar tufayli biz bilamizki, ma'ruzachi aslida soat necha ekanligini bilishni istamaydi, lekin boshqa odam kechikkan degan fikrni bildiradi. Bunday holda, ma'ruzachiga vaqt berishdan ko'ra, kechirim so'rash yaxshi bo'lardi!

Endi quyidagi jumlalarni ko'rib chiqing. Ular necha xil ma'noga ega bo'lishi mumkin? Har bir jumlaning ma'nosini aniqlashda kontekst qanchalik muhim?

You're on fire!

You have the green light.

This way.

See how important context is! You're on fire!

You have the green light.

This way.

See how important context is! You're on fire!

You have the green light.

This way.

See how important context is!м

Siz yonmoqdasiz!

Sizda yashil chiroq bor.

Bu yerga.

Qarang, kontekst qanchalik muhim!

. If you eat all of that food, it will make you bigger!
Semantically, "bigger" in this sentence would mean larger than you are currently. Think about how this sentence, pragmatically, would mean something different depending on the context. If it is said to a young child, pragmatically, it would mean to grow bigger. If it is said to a grown person who is already obese, it would mean something entirely different.-- . Agar siz bu taomning hammasini iste'mol qilsangiz, u sizni katta qiladi!
Semantik jihatdan, ushbu jumladagi "kattaroq" siz hozirgidan kattaroq degan ma'noni anglatadi. Ushbu jumla pragmatik jihatdan kontekstga qarab qanday farq qilishi haqida o'ylab ko'ring. Agar u yosh bolaga aytilsa, pragmatik ravishda, bu kattaroq o'sishni anglatadi. Agar bu allaqachon semirib ketgan katta yoshli odamga aytilsa, bu butunlay boshqacha narsani anglatadi.