Topic: The Importance of listing techniques in translation
SHORTENING OF WORDS AND MINOR WAYS OF WORD-FORMING
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1.2 TYPES OF SHORTENING AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL FEATURES IN MODERN ENGLISH
SHORTENING OF WORDS AND MINOR WAYS OF WORD-FORMING
The characteristic feature of graphical abbreviations is that they are restricted in use to written speech, occurring only in various kinds of texts, articles, books, advertisements, letters, etc. In reading many of them are substituted by the words and phrases that they represent, e. g., Dr.-doctor, Mr.-mister, Oct.-October, etc., the abbreviations of Latin and French words and phrases being usually read as their English equivalents. It is only natural that in the course of language development some graphical abbreviations should grad-ually penetrate into the sphere of oral intercourse and, as a result, turn into lexical abbreviations used both in oral and written speech. That is the case, for instance, with M. P. Member of Parliament, S.O.S. Save our Souls, etc. Lexical Shortened variants of words and shortening, phrases are used as independent lexical units with a certain phonetic shape and a semantic structure of their own. Some of them occur both in oral and written speech, others only in oral collo-quial speech, cf. bus, mike, phone, on the one hand, and trig, math's, sis, on the other.
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