Ubuntu Server Guide Changes, errors and bugs
particular functionality or software application on your Ubuntu computer
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ubuntu-server-guide
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Install a Package
- Update the Package Index
- Upgrade Packages
particular functionality or software application on your Ubuntu computer. Debian package files typically have the extension .deb, and usually exist in repositories which are collections of packages found online or on physical media, such as CD-ROM discs. Packages are normally in a pre- compiled binary format; thus installation is quick and requires no compiling of software. 10 Many packages use dependencies. Dependencies are additional packages required by the principal package in order to function properly. For example, the speech synthesis package festival depends upon the package alsa−utils, which is a package supplying the ALSA sound library tools needed for audio playback. In order for festival to function, it and all of its dependencies must be installed. The software management tools in Ubuntu will do this automatically. Apt The apt command is a powerful command-line tool, which works with Ubuntu’s Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) performing such functions as installation of new software packages, upgrade of existing software packages, updating of the package list index, and even upgrading the entire Ubuntu system. Some examples of popular uses for the apt utility: • Install a Package: Installation of packages using the apt tool is quite simple. For example, to install the nmap network scanner, type the following: sudo apt i n s t a l l nmap • Remove a Package: Removal of a package (or packages) is also straightforward. To remove the package installed in the previous example, type the following: sudo apt remove nmap Tip Multiple Packages: You may specify multiple packages to be installed or removed, sepa- rated by spaces. Notice Scripting: While apt is a command-line tool, it is intended to be used interactively, and not to be called from non-interactive scripts. The apt−get command should be used in scripts (perhaps with the −−quiet flag). For basic commands the syntax of the two tools is identical. Also, adding the −−purge option to apt remove will remove the package configuration files as well. This may or may not be the desired effect, so use with caution. • Update the Package Index: The APT package index is essentially a database of available packages from the repositories defined in the /etc/apt/sources. list file and in the /etc/apt/sources. list .d di- rectory. To update the local package index with the latest changes made in the repositories, type the following: sudo apt update • Upgrade Packages: Over time, updated versions of packages currently installed on your computer may become available from the package repositories (for example security updates). To upgrade your system, first, update your package index as outlined above, and then type: sudo apt upgrade For information on upgrading to a new Ubuntu release see Upgrading. Actions of the apt command, such as installation and removal of packages, are logged in the /var/log/dpkg.log log file. For further information about the use of APT, read the comprehensive APT User’s Guide or type: apt h e l p 11 |
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