Ubuntu Server Guide Changes, errors and bugs
partition/logical volume extensions
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- The snap described here does not yet exist autoinstall −editor supports creating and editing configs with arbitrary disk match specs. identity type
- The rsyslog reporter does not yet exist • print
- Netbooting the server installer on amd64
- Configuring DHCP/bootp and tftp
- Serving the bootloaders and configuration. We need to make this section possible to write sanely
- Setting up the files for UEFI booting
- Setting up the files for legacy boot
- Netbooting the live server installer on IBM Power (ppc64el) with Petitboot
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partition/logical volume extensions
The size of a partition or logical volume in curtin is specified as a number of bytes. The autoinstall config is more flexible: • You can specify the size using the “1G”, “512M” syntax supported in the installer UI • You can specify the size as a percentage of the containing disk (or RAID), e.g. “50%” • For the last partition specified for a particular device, you can specify the size as “-1” to indicate that the partition should fill the remaining space. The snap described here does not yet exist autoinstall −editor supports creating and editing configs with arbitrary disk match specs. ## identity type: mapping, see below default: no default can be interactive: yes Configure the initial user for the system. This is the only config key that must be present (unless the user-data section is present, in which case it is optional). A mapping that can contain keys, all of which take string values: realname The real name for the user. This field is optional. username The user name to create. hostname The hostname for the system. 336 password The password for the new user, crypted. This is required for use with sudo, even if SSH access is configured. ## ssh type: mapping, see below default: see below can be interactive: yes Configure ssh for the installed system. A mapping that can contain keys: install-server type: boolean default: false Whether to install OpenSSH server in the target system. authorized-keys type: list of strings default: [] A list of SSH public keys to install in the initial user’s account. allow-pw type: boolean default: true if authorized_keys is empty, false otherwise ## snaps type: list default: install no extra snaps can be interactive: yes A list of snaps to install. Each snap is represented as a mapping with required name and optional channel (defaulting to stable) and classic (defaulting to false ) keys. For example: ## debconf-selections type: string default: no config can be interactive: no The installer will update the target with debconf set-selection values. Users will need to be familiar with the package debconf options. ## packages type: list default: no packages can be interactive: no A list of packages to install into the target system. More precisely, a list of strings to pass to “apt−get install ”, so this includes things like task selection (dns−server^) and installing particular versions of a package (my−package=1−1). ## late-commands type: command list default: no commands can be interactive: no Shell commands to run after the install has completed successfully and any updates and packages installed, just before the system reboots. They are run in the installer environment with the installed system mounted at /target. You can run curtin in−target −− $shell_command (with the version of subiquity released with 20.04 GA you need to specify this as curtin in−target −−target=/target −− $shell_command) to run in the target system (similar to how plain in−target can be used in d−i preseed/late_command). ## error-commands type: command list default: no commands can be interactive: no 337 Shell commands to run after the install has failed. They are run in the installer environment, and the target system (or as much of it as the installer managed to configure) will be mounted at /target. Logs will be available at /var/log/ installer in the live session. ## reporting type: mapping default: type: print which causes output on tty1 and any configured serial consoles can be interactive: no The installer supports reporting progress to a variety of destinations. Note that this section is ignored if there are any interactive sections; it only applies to fully automated installs. The config, and indeed the implementation, is 90% the same as that used by curtin. Each key in the reporting mapping in the config defines a destination, where the type sub-key is one of: The rsyslog reporter does not yet exist • print: print progress information on tty1 and any configured serial console. There is no other config- uration. • rsyslog: report progress via rsyslog. The destination key specifies where to send output. • webhook: report progress via POSTing JSON reports to a URL. Accepts the same configuration as curtin. • none: do not report progress. Only useful to inhibit the default output. Examples: The default configuration is: Report to rsyslog: Suppress the default output: Report to a curtin-style webhook: ## user-data type: mapping default: {} can be interactive: no Provide cloud-init user-data which will be merged with the user-data the installer produces. If you supply this, you don’t need to supply an identity section (but then it’s your responsibility to make sure that you can log into the installed system!). Netbooting the server installer on amd64 amd64 systems boot in either UEFI or legacy (“BIOS”) mode (many systems can be configured to boot in either mode). The precise details depend on the system firmware, but both modes usually support the PXE (“Preboot eXecution Environment”) specification, which allows the provisioning of a bootloader over the network. The process for network booting the live server installer is similar for both modes and goes like this: 1. The to-be-installed machine boots, and is directed to network boot. 2. The DHCP/bootp server tells the machine its network configuration and where to get the bootloader. 3. The machine’s firmware downloads the bootloader over tftp and executes it. 4. The bootloader downloads configuration, also over tftp, telling it where to download the kernel, ramdisk and kernel command line to use. 5. The ramdisk looks at the kernel command line to learn how to configure the network and where to download the server ISO from. 6. The ramdisk downloads the ISO and mounts it as a loop device. 7. From this point on the install follows the same path as if the ISO was on a local block device. 338 The difference between UEFI and legacy modes is that in UEFI mode the bootloader is a EFI executable, signed so that is accepted by SecureBoot, and in legacy mode it is PXELINUX. Most DHCP/bootp servers can be configured to serve the right bootloader to a particular machine. Configuring DHCP/bootp and tftp There are several implementations of the DHCP/bootp and tftp protocols available. This document will briefly describe how to configure dnsmasq to perform both of these roles. 1. Install dnsmasq with “sudo apt install dnsmasq” 2. Put something like this in /etc/dnsmasq.conf.d/pxe.conf: i n t e r f a c e= bind−i n t e r f a c e s dhcp−r a n g e= dhcp−boot=p x e l i n u x . 0 dhcp−match=s e t : e f i −x86_64 , o p t i o n : c l i e n t −arch , 7 dhcp−boot=t a g : e f i −x86_64 , bootx64 . e f i e n a b l e −t f t p t f t p −r o o t=/s r v / t f t p (This assumes several things about your network; read man dnsmasq or the default /etc/dnsmasq.conf for lots more options). 3. restart dnsmasq with sudo systemctl restart dnsmasq.service. Serving the bootloaders and configuration. We need to make this section possible to write sanely Ideally this would be something like: # apt i n s t a l l cd−boot−images−amd64 # l n −s / u s r / s h a r e /cd−boot−images−amd64 / s r v / t f t p / boot−amd64 Mode independent set up 1. Download the latest live server ISO for the release you want to install: # wget h t t p : / / cdimage . ubuntu . com/ ubuntu−s e r v e r / d a i l y −l i v e / c u r r e n t / f o c a l − l i v e −s e r v e r −amd64 . i s o 2. Mount it. # mount ubuntu −19.10− l i v e −s e r v e r −amd64 . i s o /mnt 3. Copy the kernel and initrd from it to where the dnsmasq serves tftp from: # cp /mnt/ c a s p e r /{ vmlinuz , i n i t r d } / s r v / t f t p / 339 Setting up the files for UEFI booting 1. Copy the signed shim binary into place: # apt download shim−s i g n e d # dpkg−deb −−f s y s − t a r f i l e shim−s i g n e d * deb | t a r x . / u s r / l i b / shim / shimx64 . e f i . s i g n e d −O > / s r v / t f t p / bootx64 . e f i 2. Copy the signed grub binary into place: # apt download grub−e f i −amd64−s i g n e d # dpkg−deb −−f s y s − t a r f i l e grub−e f i −amd64−s i g n e d * deb | t a r x . / u s r / l i b / grub /x86_64−e f i −s i g n e d / grubnetx64 . e f i . s i g n e d −O > / s r v / t f t p / grubx64 . e f i 3. Grub also needs a font to be available over tftp: # apt download grub−common # dpkg−deb −−f s y s − t a r f i l e grub−common* deb | t a r x . / u s r / s h a r e / grub / u n i c o d e . p f 2 −O > / s r v / t f t p / u n i c o d e . p f 2 4. Create /srv/tftp/grub/grub.cfg that contains: s e t d e f a u l t =”0” s e t t i m e o u t=−1 i f l o a d f o n t u n i c o d e ; then s e t gfxmode=auto s e t l o c a l e _ d i r=$ p r e f i x / l o c a l e s e t l a n g=en_US f i t e r m i n a l _ o u t p u t g f x t e r m s e t menu_color_normal=w h i t e / b l a c k s e t m e nu _ c o l o r_ hi g h l i ght=b l a c k / l i g h t −gray i f background_color 4 4 , 0 , 3 0 ; then c l e a r f i f u n c t i o n gfxmode { s e t g f x p a y l o a d=”$ {1}” i f [ ” $ {1}” = ” keep ” ] ; then s e t vt_handoff=vt . h a n d o f f=7 e l s e s e t vt_handoff= f i } s e t linux_gfx_mode=keep e x p o r t linux_gfx_mode menuentry ’ Ubuntu 2 0 . 0 4 ’ { gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode l i n u x / vmlinux $vt_handoff q u i e t s p l a s h i n i t r d / i n i t r d } 340 Setting up the files for legacy boot 1. Download pxelinux.0 and put it into place: # wget h t t p : / / a r c h i v e . ubuntu . com/ ubuntu / d i s t s / eoan /main/ i n s t a l l e r −amd64/ c u r r e n t / images / n e t b o o t / ubuntu− i n s t a l l e r /amd64/ p x e l i n u x . 0 # mkdir −p / s r v / t f t p # mv p x e l i n u x . 0 / s r v / t f t p / 2. Make sure to have installed package syslinux−common and then: # cp / u s r / l i b / s y s l i n u x / modules / b i o s / l d l i n u x . c32 / s r v / t f t p / 3. Create /srv/tftp/pxelinux.cfg/default containing: DEFAULT i n s t a l l LABEL i n s t a l l KERNEL vmlinuz INITRD i n i t r d APPEND r o o t=/dev /ram0 r a m d i s k _ s i z e =1500000 i p=dhcp u r l=h t t p : / / cdimage . ubuntu . com/ ubuntu−s e r v e r / d a i l y −l i v e / c u r r e n t / f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −amd64 . i s o As you can see, this downloads the ISO from Ubuntu’s servers. You may well want to host it somewhere on your infrastructure and change the url to match. This configuration is obviously very simple. PXELINUX has many, many options, and you can consult its documentation at https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=PXELINUX for more. Netbooting the live server installer on IBM Power (ppc64el) with Petitboot • Open a terminal window on your workstation and make sure the ‘ipmitool’ package is installed. • Verify if you can reach the BMC of the IBM Power system via ipmitool with a simple ipmitool call like: $ i p m i t o o l −I l a n p l u s −H Power9Box −U power s t a t u s C h a s s i s Power i s o f f or: $ i p m i t o o l −I l a n p l u s −H Power9Box −U f r u p r i n t 47 Product Name : OpenPOWER Firmware Product V e r s i o n : open−power−SUPERMICRO−P9DSU−V2.12 −20190404 − prod Product Extra : op−b u i l d −1b9269e Product Extra : b u i l d r o o t −2018.11.3 −12 − g222837a Product Extra : s k i b o o t −v6 . 0 . 1 9 Product Extra : h o s t b o o t −c00d44a−pb1307d7 Product Extra : occ −8f a 3 8 5 4 Product Extra : l i n u x −4.19.30 − openpower1−p22d1df8 Product Extra : p e t i t b o o t −v1 .7.5 − p 8 f 5 f c 8 6 or: $ i p m i t o o l −I l a n p l u s −H Power9Box −U s o l i n f o S e t i n p r o g r e s s : s e t −c o m p l e t e Enabled : t r u e Force E n c r y p t i o n : f a l s e Force A u t h e n t i c a t i o n : f a l s e 341 P r i v i l e g e L e v e l : OPERATOR C h a r a c t e r Accumulate L e v e l (ms) : 0 C h a r a c t e r Send Th res ho l d : 0 Retry Count : 0 Retry I n t e r v a l (ms) : 0 V o l a t i l e B i t Rate ( kbps ) : 1 1 5 . 2 Non−V o l a t i l e B i t Rate ( kbps ) : 1 1 5 . 2 Payload Channel : 1 ( 0 x01 ) Payload Port : 623 • Open a second terminal and activate serial-over-LAN (sol), so that you have two terminal windows open: 1) to control the BMC via IPMI 2) for the serial-over-LAN console • Activate serial-over-LAN: $ i p m i t o o l −I l a n p l u s −H Power9Box −U s o l a c t i v a t e . . . • And power the system on in the ‘control terminal’ and watch the sol console: $ i p m i t o o l −I l a n p l u s −H Power9Box −U power on . . . It takes some time to see the first lines in the sol console: [ SOL S e s s i o n o p e r a t i o n a l . Use ~? f o r h e l p ] −−== Welcome t o Hostboot ==−− 2 . 7 7 1 3 1 | s e c u r e | SecureROM v a l i d − e n a b l i n g f u n c t i o n a l i t y 3 . 1 5 8 6 0 | s e c u r e | Booting i n s e c u r e mode . 5 . 5 9 6 8 4 | Booting from SBE s i d e 0 on master p r o c =00050000 5 . 6 0 5 0 2 | ISTEP 6 . 5 − h o s t _ i n i t _ f s i 5 . 8 7 2 2 8 | ISTEP 6 . 6 − host_set_ipl_parms 6 . 1 1 0 3 2 | ISTEP 6 . 7 − h o s t _ d i s c o v e r _ t a r g e t s 6 . 6 7 8 6 8 |HWAS|PRESENT> DIMM[ 0 3 ] = A0A0000000000000 6 . 6 7 8 7 0 |HWAS|PRESENT> Proc [ 0 5 ] = 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 . 6 7 8 7 1 |HWAS|PRESENT> Core [ 0 7 ] = 3 FFF0C33FFC30000 6 . 9 8 9 8 8 | ISTEP 6 . 8 − host_update_master_tpm 7 . 2 2 7 1 1 |SECURE| S e c u r i t y A c c e s s Bit> 0 xC000000000000000 7 . 2 2 7 1 1 |SECURE| S e c u r e Mode D i s a b l e ( v i a Jumper )> 0 x0000000000000000 7 . 2 2 7 3 1 | ISTEP 6 . 9 − host_gard 7 . 4 3 3 5 3 |HWAS|FUNCTIONAL> DIMM[ 0 3 ] = A0A0000000000000 7 . 4 3 3 5 4 |HWAS|FUNCTIONAL> Proc [ 0 5 ] = 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 . 4 3 3 5 6 |HWAS|FUNCTIONAL> Core [ 0 7 ] = 3 FFF0C33FFC30000 7 . 4 4 5 0 9 | ISTEP 6 . 1 0 − host_revert_sbe_mcs_setup… • After a moment the system reaches the Petitboot screen: P e t i t b o o t ( v1 .7.5 − p 8 f 5 f c 8 6 ) 9006−12P 1302NXA������������������������������������������������� [ Network : enP2p1s0f0 / 0 c : c4 : 7 a : 8 7 : 0 4 : d8 ] Execute n e t b o o t enP2p1s0f0 ( p x e l i n u x . 0 ) 342 [CD/DVD: s r 0 / 2019−10−17−13−35−12−00] I n s t a l l Ubuntu S e r v e r [ Disk : sda2 / 295 f571b−b731−4ebb−b752 −60 a a d c 8 0 f c 1 b ] Ubuntu , with Linux 5.4.0 −14 − g e n e r i c ( r e c o v e r y mode ) Ubuntu , with Linux 5.4.0 −14 − g e n e r i c Ubuntu System i n f o r m a t i o n System c o n f i g u r a t i o n System s t a t u s l o g Language Rescan d e v i c e s R e t r i e v e c o n f i g from URL P l u g i n s ( 0 ) * E x i t t o s h e l l ������������������������������������������������� Enter=a c c e p t , e=e d i t , n=new , x=e x i t , l=language , g=l o g , h=h e l p Select ‘*Exit to shell’ Notice: Make sure you really watch the sol, since the petitboot screen (above) has a time out (usually 10 or 30 seconds) and afterwards it automatically proceeds and it tries to boot from the configured devices (usually disk). This can be prevented by just navigating in petitboot. The petitboot shell is small Linux based OS: . . . E x i t i n g p e t i t b o o t . Type ’ e x i t ’ t o r e t u r n . You may run ’ pb−s o s ’ t o g a t h e r d i a g n o s t i c data Notice: In case one needs to gather system details and diagnostic data for IBM support, this can be done here by running ‘pb-sos’ (see msg). • Now download the ‘live-server’ ISO image (notice that ‘focal-live-server-ppc64el.iso’ uses subiquity, ‘focal-server-s390x.iso’ uses d-i): Again for certain web locations a proxy needs to be used: / # e x p o r t http_proxy=h t t p : / / s q u i d . proxy : 3 1 2 8 # i n c a s e a proxy i s r e q u i r e d / # / # wget h t t p : / / cdimage . ubuntu . com/ ubuntu−s e r v e r / d a i l y −l i v e / c u r r e n t / f o c a l − l i v e −s e r v e r −p p c 6 4 e l . i s o Connecting t o :3128 ( :3128) f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 100% | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 922M 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 ETA • Next is to loop-back mount the ISO: / # mkdir i s o / # mount −o l o o p f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −p p c 6 4 e l . i s o i s o Or in case autodetect of type iso9660 is not supported or not working, explicitly specify the ‘iso9660’ type: / # mount −t i s o 9 6 6 0 −o l o o p f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −p p c 6 4 e l . i s o i s o • Now load kernel and initrd from the loop-back mount, specify any needed kernel parameters and get it going: 343 / # k e x e c − l . / i s o / c a s p e r / vmlinux −−i n i t r d =./ i s o / c a s p e r / i n i t r d . gz −−append =” i p=dhcp u r l=h t t p : / / cdimage . ubuntu . com/ ubuntu−s e r v e r / d a i l y −l i v e / c u r r e n t / f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −p p c 6 4 e l . i s o http_proxy=h t t p : / / s q u i d . proxy : 3 1 2 8 −−− q u i e t ” / # k e x e c −e The system i s g o i n g down NOW! Sent SIGTERM t o a l l p r o c e s s e s Sent SIGKILL t o a l l p r o c e s s e s . . . • The system now performs the initial boot of the installer: [ 1 2 0 0 . 6 8 7 0 0 4 ] kexec_core : S t a r t i n g new k e r n e l [ 1 2 7 7 . 4 9 3 8 8 3 3 7 4 , 5 ] OPAL: Switch t o big−e n d i a n OS [ 1 2 8 0 . 4 6 5 0 6 1 2 1 9 , 5 ] OPAL: Switch t o l i t t l e −e n d i a n OS l n : /tmp/ mountroot−f a i l −hooks . d// s c r i p t s / i n i t −premount / lvm2 : No such f i l e o r d i r e c t o r y I n t e r n e t Systems Consortium DHCP C l i e n t 4 . 4 . 1 Copyright 2004 −2018 I n t e r n e t Systems Consortium . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . For i n f o , p l e a s e v i s i t h t t p s : / /www. i s c . o r g / s o f t w a r e / dhcp / L i s t e n i n g on LPF/ enP2p1s0f3 /0 c : c4 : 7 a : 8 7 : 0 4 : db Sending on LPF/ enP2p1s0f3 /0 c : c4 : 7 a : 8 7 : 0 4 : db L i s t e n i n g on LPF/ enP2p1s0f2 /0 c : c4 : 7 a : 8 7 : 0 4 : da Sending on LPF/ enP2p1s0f2 /0 c : c4 : 7 a : 8 7 : 0 4 : da L i s t e n i n g on LPF/ enP2p1s0f1 /0 c : c4 : 7 a : 8 7 : 0 4 : d9 Sending on LPF/ enP2p1s0f1 /0 c : c4 : 7 a : 8 7 : 0 4 : d9 L i s t e n i n g on LPF/ enP2p1s0f0 /0 c : c4 : 7 a : 8 7 : 0 4 : d8 Sending on LPF/ enP2p1s0f0 /0 c : c4 : 7 a : 8 7 : 0 4 : d8 Sending on S o c k e t / f a l l b a c k DHCPDISCOVER on enP2p1s0f3 t o 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 p o r t 67 i n t e r v a l 3 ( x i d=0x8d5704c ) DHCPDISCOVER on enP2p1s0f2 t o 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 p o r t 67 i n t e r v a l 3 ( x i d=0x94b25b28 ) DHCPDISCOVER on enP2p1s0f1 t o 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 p o r t 67 i n t e r v a l 3 ( x i d=0x4edd0558 ) DHCPDISCOVER on enP2p1s0f0 t o 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 p o r t 67 i n t e r v a l 3 ( x i d=0x61c90d28 ) DHCPOFFER o f 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 7 1 . 1 0 2 from 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 7 1 . 3 DHCPREQUEST f o r 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 7 1 . 1 0 2 on enP2p1s0f0 t o 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 p o r t 67 ( x i d=0x280dc961 ) DHCPACK o f 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 7 1 . 1 0 2 from 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 7 1 . 3 ( x i d=0x61c90d28 ) bound t o 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 7 1 . 1 0 2 −− r e n e w a l i n 236 s e c o n d s . Connecting t o 9 1 . 1 8 9 . 8 9 . 1 1 : 3 1 2 8 ( 9 1 . 1 8 9 . 8 9 . 1 1 : 3 1 2 8 ) f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 1% | | 1 4 . 0M 0 : 0 1 : 0 4 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 4% | * | 4 5 . 1M 0 : 0 0 : 3 8 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 8% | * * | 7 6 . 7M 0 : 0 0 : 3 3 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 11% | * * * | 105M 0 : 0 0 : 3 1 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 14% | * * * * | 133M 0 : 0 0 : 2 9 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 17% | * * * * * | 163M 344 0 : 0 0 : 2 7 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 20% | * * * * * * | 190M 0 : 0 0 : 2 6 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 24% | * * * * * * * | 222M 0 : 0 0 : 2 5 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 27% | * * * * * * * * | 253M 0 : 0 0 : 2 3 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 30% | * * * * * * * * * | 283M 0 : 0 0 : 2 2 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 34% | * * * * * * * * * * | 315M 0 : 0 0 : 2 1 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 37% | * * * * * * * * * * * | 343M 0 : 0 0 : 2 0 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 39% | * * * * * * * * * * * * | 367M 0 : 0 0 : 1 9 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 42% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 392M 0 : 0 0 : 1 8 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 45% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 420M 0 : 0 0 : 1 7 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 48% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 451M 0 : 0 0 : 1 6 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 52% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 482M 0 : 0 0 : 1 5 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 55% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 514M 0 : 0 0 : 1 4 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 59% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 546M 0 : 0 0 : 1 3 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 62% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 578M 0 : 0 0 : 1 1 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 65% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 607M 0 : 0 0 : 1 0 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 69% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 637M 0 : 0 0 : 0 9 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 72% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 669M 0 : 0 0 : 0 8 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 75% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 700M 0 : 0 0 : 0 7 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 79% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 729M 0 : 0 0 : 0 6 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 82% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 758M 0 : 0 0 : 0 5 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 85% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 789M 0 : 0 0 : 0 4 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 88% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 817M 0 : 0 0 : 0 3 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 91% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 842M 0 : 0 0 : 0 2 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 93% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 867M 0 : 0 0 : 0 1 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 97% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 897M 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 ETA f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −pp 100% | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * | 922M 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 ETA mount : mounting /cow on / r o o t /cow f a i l e d : No such f i l e o r d i r e c t o r y 345 Connecting t o plymouth : Connection r e f u s e d passwd : password e x p i r y i n f o r m a t i o n changed . [ 4 7 . 2 0 2 7 3 6 ] / dev / l o o p 3 : Can ’ t open b l o c k d e v [ 5 2 . 6 7 2 5 5 0 ] cloud −i n i t [ 3 7 5 9 ] : Cloud−i n i t v . 20.1−10− g 7 1 a f 4 8 d f −0ubuntu1 ru nn i n g ’ i n i t −l o c a l ’ a t Wed, 18 Mar 2020 1 5 : 1 8 : 0 7 +0000. Up 5 1 . 8 7 s e c o n d s . . . . • And you will eventually reach the initial subiquity installer screen: �������������������������������������������������������������� Willkommen ! Bienvenue ! Welcome ! ��������������� ! Welkom �������������������������������������������������������������� Use UP, DOWN and ENTER k e y s t o s e l e c t your l a n g u a g e . [ E n g l i s h � ] [ A s t u r i a n u � ] [ C a t a l à � ] [ H r v a t s k i � ] [ N e d e r l a n d s � ] [ Suomi � ] [ F r a n ç a i s � ] [ Deutsch � ] [ Ε�������� ] [ Magyar � ] [ š L a t v i e u � ] [ Norsk bokmål � ] [ P o l s k i � ] [ �������� ] [ Español � ] [ ����������� ] ‘ ‘ ‘ * The r e s t i s ( s u b i q u i t y −) i n s t a l l a t i o n a s u s u a l . . . # A u t o i n s t a l l Quick S t a r t f o r s390x The i n t e n t o f t h i s page i s t o p r o v i d e s i m p l e i n s t r u c t i o n s t o perform an a u t o i n s t a l l i n a VM on your machine on s390x . This page i s j u s t a s l i g h t l y adapted page o f h t t p s : / / d i s c o u r s e . ubuntu . com/ t / d r a f t −automated−s e r v e r −i n s t a l l −q u i c k s t a r t /16614 mapped t o s390x . ## Download an ISO At t h e time o f w r i t i n g ( j u s t b e f o r e f o c a l r e l e a s e ) , t h e b e s t p l a c e t o go i s h e r e : h t t p : / / cdimage . ubuntu . com/ ubuntu / r e l e a s e s / 2 0 . 0 4 / r e l e a s e / wget h t t p : / / cdimage . ubuntu . com/ ubuntu / r e l e a s e s / 2 0 . 0 4 / r e l e a s e / ubuntu
mkdir −p ~/ i s o
## Run t h e i n s t a l l ! sudo apt i n s t a l l qemu−kvm
o f two way communication , based on t h e c o n t e n t s o f a c r a s h r e p o r t by u s i n g t h e s t a n d a r d ‘ apport−c l i ‘ t o o l t h a t i s p a r t o f Ubuntu . Copy t h e c r a s h r e p o r t t o a n o t h e r system , run ” apport− c l i / path / t o / r e p o r t . c r a s h ” and f o l l o w t h e prompts . You can a l s o run apport− c l i i n t h e i n s t a l l e r environment by s w i t c h i n g t o a s h e l l but a p p o r t won ’ t be a b l e t o open a b r o ws e r t o a l l o w you t o c o m p l e t e t h e r e p o r t s o you ’ l l have t o type t h e URL by hand on a n o t h e r machine . # Using a v i r t u a l CDROM and P e t i t b o o t t o s t a r t a l i v e s e r v e r i n s t a l l a t i o n on IBM Power ( p p c 6 4 e l ) There i s a l s o documentation on [ b o o t i n g t h e i n s t a l l e r o v e r t h e network ] ( h t t p s : / / ubuntu . com/ s e r v e r / d o c s / i n s t a l l / netboot −p p c 6 4 e l ) . * * N o t i c e : * Not a l l IBM Power machines come with t h e c a p a b i l i t y t o i n s t a l l v i a a v i r t u a l CDROM ! * A s e p a r a t e system ( i d e a l l y i n t h e same network , b e c a u s e o f i p m i t o o l ) i s needed t o h o s t t h e p p c 6 4 e l ISO Image f i l e , t h a t i s l a t e r used a s v i r t u a l CDROM. * Login t o t h i s s e p a r a t e h o s t and make s u r e t h a t t h e i p m i t o o l package i s i n s t a l l e d : $ sudo apt install ipmitool as well as Samba: $ sudo apt install samba “‘ • Next is to setup and configure Samba: $ sudo touch / e t c /samba/smb . c o n f && sudo t e e −a / e t c /samba/smb . c o n f < path=/var / w i n s h a r e b r o w s e a b l e = y e s r e a d o n l y = no g u e s t ok = y e s EOF And do a quick verification that the required lines are in: $ t a i l −n 5 / e t c /samba/smb . c o n f [ w i n s h a r e ] path=/var / w i n s h a r e b r o w s e a b l e = y e s r e a d o n l y = no g u e s t ok = y e s • (Optional) For downloading the image you may have to use a proxy server: $ sudo touch ~ / . w g e t r c && sudo t e e −a ~ / . w g e t r c < http_proxy=s q u i d . proxy : 3 1 2 8 https_proxy=s q u i d . proxy : 3 1 2 8 EOF • The ISO image needs to be downloaded now: 349 $ wget h t t p : / / cdimage . ubuntu . com/ ubuntu / r e l e a s e s / f o c a l / r e l e a s e / ubuntu −20.04− l i v e −s e r v e r −p p c 6 4 e l . i s o −−d i r e c t o r y −p r e f i x =/var / w i n s h a r e The proxy can also be passed over as wget argument, like this: $ wget −e use_proxy=y e s −e http_proxy=s q u i d . proxy : 3 1 2 8 h t t p : / / cdimage . ubuntu . com/ ubuntu / r e l e a s e s / f o c a l / r e l e a s e / ubuntu −20.04− l i v e −s e r v e r − p p c 6 4 e l . i s o −−d i r e c t o r y −p r e f i x =/var / w i n s h a r e • Change file mode of the ISO image file: $ sudo chmod −R 755 / var / w i n s h a r e / $ l s − l / var / w i n s h a r e / −rwxr−xr−x 1 ubuntu ubuntu 972500992 Mar 23 0 8 : 0 2 f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r − p p c 6 4 e l . i s o • Restart and check the Samba service: $ sudo s e r v i c e smbd r e s t a r t $ sudo s e r v i c e smbd s t a t u s � smbd . s e r v i c e − Samba SMB Daemon Loaded : l o a d e d ( / l i b / systemd / system /smbd . s e r v i c e ; e n a b l e d ; vendor p r e s e t : ena A c t i v e : a c t i v e ( r un n i ng ) s i n c e Tue 2020−02−04 1 5 : 1 7 : 1 2 UTC; 4 s ago Docs : man : smbd ( 8 ) man : samba ( 7 ) man : smb . c o n f ( 5 ) Main PID : 6198 ( smbd ) S t a t u s : ”smbd : ready t o s e r v e c o n n e c t i o n s . . . ” Tasks : 4 ( l i m i t : 1 9 6 6 0 ) CGroup : / system . s l i c e /smbd . s e r v i c e �� 6198 / u s r / s b i n /smbd −−f o r e g r o u n d −−no−p r o c e s s −group�� 6214 / u s r / s b i n /smbd −−f o r e g r o u n d −−no−p r o c e s s −group�� 6215 / u s r / s b i n /smbd −−f o r e g r o u n d −−no−p r o c e s s −group�� 6220 / u s r / s b i n /smbd −−f o r e g r o u n d −−no−p r o c e s s −group Feb 04 1 5 : 1 7 : 1 2 h o s t systemd [ 1 ] : S t a r t i n g Samba SMB …Daemon Feb 04 1 5 : 1 7 : 1 2 h o s t systemd [ 1 ] : S t a r t e d Samba SMB Daemon . • Test Samba share: ubuntu@host : ~ $ s m b c l i e n t −L l o c a l h o s t WARNING: The ” s y s l o g ” o p t i o n i s d e p r e c a t e d Enter WORKGROUP\ ubuntu ’ s password : Sharename Type Comment −−−−−−−−− −−−− −−−−−−− p r i n t $ Disk P r i n t e r D r i v e r s w i n s h a r e Disk IPC$ IPC IPC S e r v i c e ( h o s t s e r v e r ( Samba , Ubuntu ) ) R e c o n n e c t i n g with SMB1 f o r workgroup l i s t i n g . S e r v e r Comment −−−−−−−−− −−−−−−− Workgroup Master −−−−−−−−− −−−−−−− WORKGROUP h o s t • Get the IP address of the Samba host: 350 $ i p −4 − b r i e f a d d r e s s show l o UNKNOWN 1 2 7 . 0 . 0 . 1 / 8 ibmveth2 UNKNOWN 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 2 4 6 . 4 2 / 2 4 • (Optional) Even more testing if the Samba share is accessible from remote: u s e r @ w o r k s t a t i o n : ~ $ mkdir −p /tmp/ t e s t u s e r @ w o r k s t a t i o n : ~ $ sudo mount −t c i f s −o username=g u e s t , password=g u e s t / / 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 2 4 6 . 4 2 / w i n s h a r e /tmp/ t e s t / u s e r @ w o r k s t a t i o n : ~ $ l s −l a /tmp/ t e s t / t o t a l 1014784 drwxr−xr−x 2 r o o t r o o t 0 May 4 1 5 : 4 6 . drwxrwxrwt 18 r o o t r o o t 420 May 4 1 9 : 2 5 . . −rwxr−xr−x 1 r o o t r o o t 1038249984 May 3 1 9 : 3 7 ubuntu −20.04− l i v e −s e r v e r − p p c 6 4 e l . i s o • Now use a browser and navigate to the BMC of the Power system that should be installed (let’s assume the BMC’s IP address is 10.245.246.247): f i r e f o x h t t p : / / 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 2 4 6 . 2 4 7 / • Login to the BMC and find and select: Virtual Media –> CDROM • Enter the IP address of the Samba share: 10.245.246.42 and the path to the Samba share: \ w i n s h a r e \ f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −p p c 6 4 e l . i s o • Click Save and Mount (make sure that the virtual CDROM is really properly mounted !) CD−ROM Image : This o p t i o n a l l o w s you t o s h a r e a CD−ROM image o v e r a Windows Share with a maximum s i z e o f 4 . 7GB. This image w i l l be emulated t o t h e h o s t a s USB d e v i c e . De v ic e 1 There i s an i s o f i l e mounted . De v ic e 2 No d i s k e m u l a t i o n s e t . De v ic e 3 No d i s k e m u l a t i o n s e t . Share h o s t : 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 2 4 6 . 4 2 Path t o image : \ w i n s h a r e \ f o c a l −l i v e −s e r v e r −p p c 6 4 e l . i s o User ( o p t i o n a l ) : Password ( o p t i o n a l ) : • Notice: It’s important that you see a status like: De v ic e 1 There i s an i s o f i l e mounted Only in this case the virtual CDROM is properly mounted and you will see the boot / install from CDROM entry in petitboot: [CD/DVD: s r 0 / 2020−03−23−08−02−42−00] I n s t a l l Ubuntu S e r v e r • Now use the ipmitool to boot the system into the petitboot loader: 351 $ i p m i t o o l −I l a n p l u s −H 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 2 4 6 . 2 4 7 −U ADMIN −P power s t a t u s $ i p m i t o o l −I l a n p l u s −H 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 2 4 6 . 2 4 7 −U ADMIN −P s o l a c t i v a t e $ i p m i t o o l −I l a n p l u s −H 1 0 . 2 4 5 . 2 4 6 . 2 4 7 −U ADMIN −P power on C h a s s i s Power C o n t r o l : Up/On • And reach the Petitboot screen: P e t i t b o o t ( v1 .7.5 − p 8 f 5 f c 8 6 ) 9006−12C BOS0026��������������������������������������������� [ Network : enP2p1s0f0 / ac : 1 f : 6 b : 0 9 : c0 : 5 2 ] e x e c u t e n e t b o o t enP2p1s0f0 ( p x e l i n u x . 0 ) System i n f o r m a t i o n System c o n f i g u r a t i o n System s t a t u s l o g Language Rescan d e v i c e s R e t r i e v e c o n f i g from URL * P l u g i n s ( 0 ) E x i t t o s h e l l ��������������������������������������������� Enter=a c c e p t , e=e d i t , n=new , x=e x i t , l=language , g=l o g , h=h e l p D e f a u l t boot c a n c e l l e d • And make sure that booting from CDROM is enabled: P e t i t b o o t ( v1 .7.5 − p 8 f 5 f c 8 6 ) 9006−12C BOS0026��������������������������������������������� [ Network : enP2p1s0f0 / ac : 1 f : 6 b : 0 9 : c0 : 5 2 ] Execute n e t b o o t enP2p1s0f0 ( p x e l i n u x . 0 ) [ Disk : sda2 / ebdb022b −96b2−4 f 4 f −ae63 −69300 d e d 1 3 f 4 ] Ubuntu , with Linux 5.4.0 −12 − g e n e r i c ( r e c o v e r y mode ) Ubuntu , with Linux 5.4.0 −12 − g e n e r i c Ubuntu System i n f o r m a t i o n System c o n f i g u r a t i o n System s t a t u s l o g Language Rescan d e v i c e s R e t r i e v e c o n f i g from URL * P l u g i n s ( 0 ) E x i t t o s h e l l ��������������������������������������������� Enter=a c c e p t , e=e d i t , n=new , x=e x i t , l=language , g=l o g , h=h e l p [ sda3 ] P r o c e s s i n g new Disk d e v i c e P e t i t b o o t System C o n f i g u r a t i o n ���������������������������������������������� 352 Autoboot : ( ) D i s a b l e d ( * ) Enabled Boot Order : ( 0 ) Any CD/DVD d e v i c e ( 1 ) d i s k : sda2 [ uuid : ebdb022b −96b2−4 f 4 f −ae63 −69300 d e d 1 3 f 4 ] ( 2 ) n e t : enP2p1s0f0 [ mac : ac : 1 f : 6 b : 0 9 : c0 : 5 2 ] [ Add Dev ice ] [ C l e a r & Boot Any ] [ C l e a r ] Timeout : 30 s e c o n d s Network : ( * ) DHCP on a l l a c t i v e i n t e r f a c e s ( ) DHCP on a s p e c i f i c i n t e r f a c e ( ) S t a t i c IP c o n f i g u r a t i o n ��������������������������������������������� tab=next , s h i f t+tab=p r e v i o u s , x=e x i t , h=h e l p P e t i t b o o t System C o n f i g u r a t i o n ��������������������������������������������� Network : ( * ) DHCP on a l l a c t i v e i n t e r f a c e s ( ) DHCP on a s p e c i f i c i n t e r f a c e ( ) S t a t i c IP c o n f i g u r a t i o n DNS S e r v e r ( s ) : ( eg . 1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 0 . 2 ) ( i f not p r o v i d e d by DHCP s e r v e r ) HTTP Proxy : HTTPS Proxy : Disk R/W: ( ) Prevent a l l w r i t e s t o d i s k ( * ) Allow b o o t l o a d e r s c r i p t s t o modify d i s k s Boot c o n s o l e : ( * ) / dev / hvc0 [ IPMI / S e r i a l ] ( ) / dev / t t y 1 [VGA] Current i n t e r f a c e : / dev / hvc0 [ OK ] [ Help ] [ Cancel ] ������������������������������������������� tab=next , s h i f t+tab=p r e v i o u s , x=e x i t , h=h e l p • Now select the ‘Install Ubuntu Server’ entry below the CD/DVD entry: [CD/DVD: s r 0 / 2020−03−23−08−02−42−00] * I n s t a l l Ubuntu S e r v e r • And let Petitboot boot from the (virtual) CDROM image: 353 Sent SIGKILL t o a l l p r o c e s s e s [ 1 1 9 . 3 5 5 3 7 1 ] kexec_core : S t a r t i n g new k e r n e l [ 1 9 4 . 4 8 3 9 4 7 3 9 4 , 5 ] OPAL: Switch t o big−e n d i a n OS [ 1 9 7 . 4 5 4 6 1 5 2 0 2 , 5 ] OPAL: Switch t o l i t t l e −e n d i a n OS • Finally the initial subiquity installer screen will show up in the console: ������������������������������������������� Willkommen ! Bienvenue ! Welcome ! ��������������� ! Welkom������������������������������������������� Use UP, DOWN and ENTER k e y s t o s e l e c t your l a n g u a g e . [ E n g l i s h � ] [ A s t u r i a n u � ] [ C a t a l à � ] [ H r v a t s k i � ] [ N e d e r l a n d s � ] [ Suomi � ] [ F r a n ç a i s � ] [ Deutsch � ] [ Ε�������� ] [ Magyar � ] [ š L a t v i e u � ] [ Norsk bokmål � ] [ P o l s k i � ] [ �������� ] [ Español � ] [ ����������� ] • The rest of the installation is business as usual … Download 1.27 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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