Учредители и издатели журнала Федеральное государственное автономное
Download 1.81 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
10 е Scopus Tax reform
КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА
фискальная политика, фискальная стабилизация, волатильность выпуска, на- логовые поступления, деловые циклы, модель ARDL, Турция 1. Introduction Cyclical fluctuations are fluctuations that are periodically repeated but not sys- tematic and therefore difficult to predict. Although the conjuncture is a concept that concerns more than one macroecono- mic size, in practice it is measured by the change in real GDP. There is no consen- sus in the literature on the reason for these periodic fluctuations in real GDP. Accor- ding to Keynes [1], the reason for the con- juncture is the changes in the expectations regarding the profitability of investments, while according to M. Friedman [2], the changes in the money stock. According to the real business cycle theory pioneered by E. Prescott [3], technology shocks cause fluctuations [4, p. 82; 5, p. 218; 6, pp. 3–4]. According to the report [7] prepared with the contributions of Celasun & Rod- rik, the first measure taken against cyclical fluctuations in Turkey is the adoption of the balanced budget principle. After WW2, national fiscal policies were not sufficient for the fluctuations in the macroeconom- ic structure and the first agreement was made with the IMF in 1961. Then, external shocks occurred in the economy due to the 1973 and 1978 OPEC crises. In the 1990s, macroeconomic instability continued, and budget deficits increased rapidly. In 1999, macro instability in the public sector in- creased and a new stabilization program was implemented under the leadership of the IMF. Although there was a relative im- provement because of the establishment of fiscal discipline, a new crisis occurred in 2001. During these years, the total foreign debt interest payments in the budget in- creased and as a solution to this, the Tran- sition to a Strong Economy Program was prepared with the IMF in 2002. Thus, the contractionary fiscal policy began syste- matically in Turkey. In this period, the share of current and investment expendi- tures in the budget was reduced and a Special Consumption Tax was adopted in terms of income policy. Therefore, dis- cipline in public finance was targeted by following pro-cyclical policies. As of 2022, the foreign exchange and debt crisis in Turkey continues with the effect of low in- terest (neo-Fisherian) policy, even though it is tried to be prevented with various tax reforms. This study aims to analyze the effect of fiscal policies against cyclical fluctua- tions between 1975–2020 in Turkey. The method of the study is the ARDL-ECM method, which shows the short- and long-term cointegration relationship |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling