23
All calculations were carried out
with the Gaussian 03 suite of programs.
24
The global electrophilicity index,
12
w, which measures the
stabilization energy when the system acquires an additional
electronic charge DN from the environment, has been given by
the following simple expression:
w
= (m
2
/2
h) (eV)
in terms of the electronic chemical potential
m and the chemical
hardness
h. Both quantities may be calculated in terms of one of
the electron HOMO and LUMO energies, e
H
and e
L
, as
m ª (e
H
+
e
L
)/2 and
h ª (e
L
- e
H
), respectively.
25
Recently, we introduced an
empirical (relative) nucleophilicity index, N, based on the HOMO
energies obtained within the Kohn–Sham scheme
15
and defined
as:
14
N
= E
HOMO(Nu)
- E
HOMO(10)
(eV).
This nucleophilicity scale takes tetracyanoethylene 10 as a
reference. This choice allows us to handle a nucleophilicity scale
with only positive values.
14
Concepts like electronic chemical potential, global and local
electrophilicity indices and nucleophilic Fukui functions have
started to be introduced in modern texts of organic chemistry,
26
and therefore they are expected to be incorporated into the current
language of the organic chemistry community.
III.
Results and discussion
Firstly, we performed an analysis of the energies, geometries,
and electronic structures of the TSs involved in the selected DA
reactions. After that, an analysis of the global reactivity indices at
the ground state (GS) of the reagents was carried out.
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