Unit 1 Description of a Pharmacy Grammar

Активизация грамматики.

1. 
   Заполните пропуски соответствующими неопределенно личными местоимениями (some, any, no):
   

1. Doctors give … advice before prescribing … medicine.

2. 
   At … chemist’s shop a pharmacist checks the prescription.
   
3. 
   There is … use to take this remedy.
   
4. 
   Did you take … medicine when you had a sore throat?
   
5. 
   I suffered … diseases in my childhood.
   
6. 
   Are there … sedatives on this shelf?
   
7. 
   … drug taken carelessly may be poisonous.
   
8. 
   To avoid … complications follow the doctor’s prescriptions.
   

2. 
   Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную, а затем в отрицательную форму (если возможно):
   

1. 
   Any chemical substance can affect the functions of the body.
   
2. 
   There are all sorts of drugs in my drug cabinet.
   
3. 
   A doctor will give you some advice how to heal arthritis.
   
4. 
   Drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream.
   
5. 
   Overdosage of any toxic drug causes unexpected reactions.
   

3. Определите залог. Поставьте вопросы к подчеркнутым словам:

1. 
   Toxicants are often concentrated in a specific tissue.
   
2. 
   Some toxicants accumulate in various parts of the body.
   
3. 
   Chemotherapy usually refers to treatment for infectious diseases, cancer diseases or mental illness.
   
4. 
   Intravenous injection is given directly into the vein.
   
5. 
   Intramuscular injections are advisable when drugs are irritating the skin.
   
6. 
   Toxicology is the study of harmful substances and their effects on living organisms.
   
7. 
   Idiosyncrasy is a rare type of toxic effect produced in a very sensitive individual but not seen in most patients.
   
8. 
   Fleming was the first to discover penicillin.
   

4. Заполните пропуски, соответствующим модальным глаголом (can, may, must):

1. 
   If you have a bad headache you … take this medicine.
   
2. 
   You … follow the doctor’s treatment if you want to be well again soon.
   
3. 
   What … I take to keep the fever down?
   
4. 
   What complications … the grippe cause?
   
5. 
   A patient … follow the instructions on the bottle.
   
6. 
   Digitals … control the excessively fast ventricular rate.
   
7. 
   … this drug induce secretion?
   
8. 
   This analysis of blood … help to stop some type of cancer.
   

5. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную, а затем в отрицательную форму.

1. 
   Most of us had to take medicines to recover as soon as possible.
   
2. 
   Most people will be able to take their treatment at home.
   
3. 
   This medicine had to be taken twice a day.
   
4. 
   People are allowed to take the contraceptive pills as a method of birth control.
   
5. 
   Penicillin can kill bacteria.
   
6. 
   Drugs may produce strong or weak effect.
   
7. 
   Some medicines can be dangerous if they are taken in the wrong amount.
   
8. 
   He must give up regular drinking.
   

Практикум.

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Text I

Drug toxicity refers to the poisonous and potentially dangerous effects of some drugs. Idiosyncrasy is an example of an unpredictable type of drug toxicity.

Other types of drug toxicity are more predictable and based on the dosage of the drug given. If the dosage of a certain drug is increased, unfavorable effects may be produced. Physicians are trained to be aware of the potential toxic effects of all drugs they prescribe and must be cautious with their use. Disorders directly resulting from diagnostic or therapeutic efforts of a physician are known as iatrogenic, and are usually related to drug toxicity.

Side effects are toxic effects which routinely result from the use of a drug. They often occur with the usual therapeutic dosage of a drug and usually tolerable. For example, nausea, vomiting and alopecia are common side effects of the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer.

Contraindications are factors in a patient’s condition which make the use of a drug dangerous and ill advised. For example, in the presence of renal failure, it is unwise to administer a drug which is normally eliminated by the kidneys.

Among the most dangerous toxic complications of a drug usage are blood dyscrasias (blood disease such as aplastic anemia), cholestatic jaundice (biliary obstruction leading to discoloration of skin), neuropathy, collagen disorders (connective tissue damage such as arthritis) and photosensitivity (abnormal sensitivity to light).