Unit 1 Nouns- otlar: singular nouns- birlik otlar plural

Unit 1
Nouns- Otlar: singular nouns- birlik otlar
plural nouns- ko’plik otlar
*Ko’pchilik otlarning ko’plik shakli –s qo’shimchasini otning o’zagiga qo’shilib yasaladi: a car- bitta moshina, two cars- ikkita moshina.
*Agar otlarimiz –s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o, harflari bilan tugasa, ko’plik shaklini yasamoqchi bo’lsak –es harfini qo’shamiz:
Bus-buses (avtobus- avtobuslar), dress- dresses (ko’ylak- ko’ylaklar), brush- brushes (shotka- shotkalar), torch- torches (mash’al- mash’allar), box- boxes (quti- qutilar), a tomato-two tomatoes (bitta pomidor- ikkita pomidor).
Ammo shunday otlar borki ko’pligini yasaganimizda o harfi bilan tugasa ham –es ni emas –s qo’shamiz.
Radio- radios ( radio- radiolar), piano- pianos (pianino-pianinolar), photo-photos (sur’at- sur’atlar), rhino-rhinos (karkidon-karkidonlar), hippo- hippos (begemot- begemotlar), video-videos (video – videolar ).
* Consonant (b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,z) letter/sound-undosh harf/tovush, vowel (a,e,o,u,i,y) letter/sound unli harf/unli tovush. Agar otlarimiz unli + y harflariga tugasa ko’pligini yasaganimizda –s ni qo’shamiz : a boy- two boys ( bitta bola- ikkita bola).
*Agar otlarimiz undosh +y harflari bilan tugasa ko’pligini yasaganimizda y ni tushirib qoldiramiz va - ies ga o’zgartiramiz.
A strawberry – three strawberries ( bitta qulpnay – uchta qulpnay).
*Agar otlarimiz –f yoki -fe harflari bilan tugaydigan bo’lsa ko’pligini yasaganimizda -f va -fe ni tushirib qoldiramiz va -ves ga o’zgartiramiz:
A leaf – four leaves (bitta barg- to’rta barg), a wolf – two wolves ( bitta bo’ri – ikkita bo’ri).
Ammo ba’zi bir otlarning ko’pligini yasaganimizda –f, -fe harflari bilan tugasa ham -s ni o’zini qo’shamiz:
Roof- roofs, tom- tomlar; giraffe- giraffes, jirafa-jirafalar; cliff-cliffs, qoya-qoyalar.