Unit 2 lexis lexis so’z va so’z guruhlarini o’rganadi. Meaning of words So’zning ma’nolari denotative meaning/denotation

UNIT 2 LEXIS
Lexis so’z va so’z guruhlarini o’rganadi.
MEANING of words - So’zning ma’nolari
DENOTATIVE MEANING/DENOTATION – so’zning asl, lug’aviy ma’nosi : tree - a large plant with a wooden trunk , branches and leaves
FIGURATIVE (CONNOTATIVE) MEANING /CONNOTATION - so’zning majoziy ma’nosi, o’xshatish: the tree of life, a family tree


CONTEXT MEANING - vaziyatdagi yashirin ma’nosi: 'We couldn't see the house because of the tall trees in front of it'
Ba’zi so’zlarning ma’nosi ularning shaklidan kelib chiqadi, ya’ni affix(prefix , suffix) lar qo’shilgan bo’lsa yoki compound (qo’shma so’z) bo’lsa. Prefixlar va suffixlar so’zlarga teskari /negative ma’no (unsafe, illegal) , qiyoslash ma’nosi (easy-easier) va orttirib ko’rsatish ma’nosini (new – the newest) beradi. Compound otlar o’z ma’nosini so’zlar bir biriga qo’shilganda oladi (bookshop, teacup)


COLLOCATIONS – doim birga bog’lanib kela oladigan so’zlar. Ular so’zlar bilan bog’lanishiga ko’ra darajlanadi:
Watch out (ehtiyot bo’lmoq) – very strong collocation (doim birga keladi)
Watch a video (video ko’rmoq) – less strong collocation
Watch the children (kuzatmoq) – not collocation


FIXED EXPRESSIONS – o’zgarmas iboralar : to tell you the truth, new born, it’s up to you


IDIOMS – idiomalar/iboralar - tarkibidagi so’zlar asl ma’nosida kelmaydigan iboralar: to be under the weather, to have green fingers, once in a blue moon


CHUNKS – bir guruh qilib o’rganiladigan jumlalar . Collocation , fixed expression, idioms - bular barchasi chunks hisoblanadi.
Have a good trip, I'd like to … how about ... " my name's .. ,


SYNONYMS – sinonimlar (ma’nodosh so’zlar): big ,large, huge
ANTONYMS – antonimlar (zid ma’noli so’zlar) : good X bad
LEXICAL SET - bir mavzuga oid so’zlar, uyadosh so’zlar: father, mother, son, daughter (FAMILY)
WORD FAMILY – o’zakdosh so’zlar , bir o’zakka ega so’zlar: legal, illegal, legality, illegality
FALSE FRIENDS – turli tillarda talaffuzi va shakli bir xil lekin turli ma’nolarni bildiradigan so’zlar: magazine (Ingliz tilida “jurnal”) – magazin (Rus va O’zbek tilida “do’kon”)
HOMOPHONES - talaffuzi bir xil lekin, ma’nosi va yozilishi farq qiladigan so’zlar : meat – meet, whether - weather
HOMONYMS - yozilishi va talaffuzi bir xil, lekin ma’nosidan farq qiladigan so’zlar: bat (beysbol tayog’i) – bat (ko’rshapalak)
VARIETIES OF ENGLISH – turli davlatlardagi ingliz tilining ishlatilishi: flat (British English) , apartment (US English) , unit (AUS English)