Used to reduce overbreak and minimise the fracturing of the rock of the boundary of an excavation

Used to reduce overbreak and minimise the fracturing of the rock of the boundary of an excavation

• Used to reduce overbreak and minimise the fracturing of the rock of the boundary of an excavation

2)Presplitting

• 2)Presplitting
• Dia of hole - 50 to 100mm
• Spacing – 6 to 12 dia
• Explosives- spring loaded on detonating chord
• Depth upto 15.0m
• 3)Cushion blast
• Dia of hole - 50 to 150mm
• Depth upto 30.0m
• 4)Smooth blast

No operating equipment within 50 feet of loaded holes

• No operating equipment within 50 feet of loaded holes

• Load only those holes intended to be fired in the next round

• Warning signs posted

• Check all holes for

• depth prior to loading

The detonation of three different ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) mixture illustrates the principle of oxygen balance.

• The detonation of three different ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) mixture illustrates the principle of oxygen balance.

• 1) 94.5% AN-5.5% FO( Oxygen balanced)

• 3NH4NO3 + CH2 = 7H2O+CO2+3N2+ 930Kcal/Kg

• 2) 92% AN-8.0% FO( Fuel excess)

• 2NH4NO3 + CH2 = 5H2O+CO+2N2+ 810Kcal/Kg

• 3) 96.6% AN-3.4% FO( Fuel shortage)

• 5NH4NO3 + CH2 = 11H2O+CO2+4N2+2NO+ 600Kcal/Kg

HIT INJURY BY PROJECTILES

• HIT INJURY BY PROJECTILES

• INHALATION OF EXPLOSIVES

• INHALATION OF BLASTING FUMES

NOT TO USE

• NOT TO USE

• MOBILE / CELL PHONE

• HAND SETS &

• WELDING