One-Minute Summary
Bar charts or graphs are especially useful when you want to emphasise the highest and lowest values of a variable. With a bar chart, each category within the variable is represented by a rectangular bar, and the frequency of occurrence is shown by the height (or length) of the bar. Each bar is separated from adjacent bars by a gap, emphasizing that the categories are distinct. This means that, as well as categorical variables such as nationality, gender and religion, you can use a bar chart to represent discrete variables provided there are not too many categories!
Bar charts can also be used when you want to compare the frequency of occurrence between two or more categorical data variables.
Pie charts are used when you wish to show the proportion of a variable in each category. The total for the data is represented by the area of the circle (‘pie’), and each category’s share of the total is represented by the area of a segment of that circle (i.e. a ‘slice’ of the ‘pie’). The advantage of a pie chart is that it easy to compare the areas represented by the slices of the pie visually, but it is only useful if the number of categories is small, say no more than eight segments.
When drawing a pie chart, it is helpful to shade those segments that are smaller in a darker colour.
VERB + VERB PATTERN
VERB + TO INFINITIVE; VERB + -ING; verb + PREPOSITION + -ING; .
1 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Tutor: So have you managed 1 to finish (finish) the assignment, Kumiko?
Kumiko: Well, I’ve nearly finished but I forgot 2 _______ (add) a bibliography, so I'd like 3 ______ (have) an extension, if that's possible?
Tutor: How long will you need 4 _________ (do) it?
Kumiko: I aim 5 ________ (finish) it today, but maybe two days would be the best thing.
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