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KEYS TO GRAMMAR EXERCISES
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Grammar references
UNIT 1. Present Tenses. Present Simple

+	Verb+ (e)s	He plays tennis
--	Do/does not + verb	He doesn’t play tennis
?	Do/does … + verb?	Does he play tennis?

We use the present simple for:

• 
  facts and permanent states. Mark works for an advertising company.
  
• 
  general truths and laws of nature. Oil floats on water.
  
• 
  habits and routines (with always, usually, etc). He usually goes jogging in the mornings.
  
• 
  timetables and programmes (in the future). The plane to Madrid takes off at 6:30 pm.
  
• 
  sporting commentaries, reviews and narrations. Beckham wins the ball, then he crosses and Owen scores.
  
• 
  feelings and emotions. I love Paris, because it's a beautiful city.
  

The time expressions we use with the present simple are: Usually, often, always, every day/week/month/year/etc, in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night/the weekend, on Fridays, etc
Present Continuous

+	Am/is/are + Verb + ing	He’s living in Thailand.
--	Am/is/are not + verb + ing	He isn’t living in Thailand.
?	Am/is/are … + verb + ing?	Is he living in Thailand?

We use the Present Continuous

• 
  for actions taking place at or around the moment of speaking. The kids are playing video games in the living room.
  
• 
  for temporary situations. They are painting the house.
  
• 
  for fixed arrangements in the near future. I am going to a party tonight.
  
• 
  for currently changing and developing situations. The rivers are becoming more and more polluted.
  
• 
  with adverbs such as always to express anger or irritation at a repeated action. She is always biting her nails when someone talks to her.
  

Note: The verb enjoy can be used in continuous tenses to express a specific preference.
Bob really enjoys going to the cinema, (general preference)
The time expressions we use with the present continuous are: Now, at the moment, at present, these days, nowadays, still, today, tonight, etc
State Verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than an action, and so do not usually have a continuous tense. These verbs are:

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  verbs of the senses (appear, feel, hear, look, see, seem, smell, sound, taste, etc). She seems really worried.
  
• 
  verbs of perception (agree, assume, believe, forget, hope, know, realise, remember, understand, etc). I believe what he says.
  
• 
  verbs which express feelings and emotions (adore, desire, despise, detest, dislike, enjoy, hate, like, love, mind, prefer, want, etc). Jane hates eating spicy food.
  
• 
  and some other verbs (appear, be, belong, contain, cost, fit, have, include, keep, matter, mean, need, owe, own, resemble, seem, want, weigh, wish, etc). This house belongs to a very rich man.
  

!!! Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses, but with a difference in meaning.