Direct speech: Nancy said, "I still haven't finished my homework."
Reported speech: Nancy said (that) she still hasn't/hadn't finished her homework.
Out-of-date reporting
The introductory verb is in the past simple and the tenses change as follows:
Direct speech
|
Reported speech
|
Present Simple
"My bus arrives at 5 o'clock."
|
Past Simple
She said (that) her bus arrived at 5 o'clock.
|
Present Continuous
"I am playing tennis this afternoon."
|
Past Continuous
She said (that) she was playing tennis that afternoon.
|
Present Perfect
"1 have made spaghetti."
|
Past Perfect
She said (that) she had made spaghetti.
|
Past Simple/Past Perfect
"I paid six pounds for the CD."
|
Simple or Past Perfect
She said (that) she paid/had paid six pounds for the CD.
|
Past Continuous/Past Perfect Continuous
"1 was walking to the bus station."
|
Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous
She said that she was walking/had been walking to the station.
|
will
"1 will return the books tomorrow."
|
would She said that she would return the books the next day.
|
Now → then, immediately
Today → that day
Yesterday → the day before, the previous day
Tomorrow → the next/following day
this week → that week
last week → the week before, the previous week
next week → the week after, the following week
ago → before
here → there
come → go
bring → take
The verb tenses remain the same in reported speech when the introductory verb is in the present, future or present perfect.
Mum has said, "Dinner is ready." Mum has said (that) dinner is ready
The verb tenses can either change or remain the same in reported speech when reporting a general truth or law of nature.
The teacher said, 'The Thames is a river." The teacher said (that) the Thames is/was a river.
Reported Questions
Reported questions are usually introduced with the verbs ask, inquire, wonder or the expression want to know.
When the direct question begins with a question word (who how, when, what, etc), the reported question is introduced same question word.
What time is it, please? (direct question) He asked me what the time was. (reported question)
When the direct question begins with an auxiliary (be, do, have) or a modal verb (can, may, etc), then the reported question is with if or whether.
He asked, "Is there any milk left?" (direct question)
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
