Volker gast verb-noun compounds in English and German Abstract
V-N compounds in English and German: An overview
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Verb noun compounds in English and Germa
2. V-N compounds in English and German: An overview
2.1 General remarks In studies of English word formation, nominal compounds with a verb as lefthand member typically play a very minor role (cf. e.g. Marchand 1969, 72-4; Plag 2003, 145-6; Schmid 2005, 122). This seems to reflect the relatively marginal position that V-N compounds take up in the lexico-grammatical system of English and is in- dicative of their restricted distribution. In German, by contrast, V-N compounding is particularly productive and allows for a wide range of semantic patterns (cf. Donalies 2002, 72f.; Fleischer / Barz 1995, 108ff.). Some relevant examples from both languages are given in (1): (1) a. English: cutthroat, carry cot, whetstone, scatterbrain, blowlamp, bum- blebee, checklist, drawbridge, drift ice, flick knife b. German: Schleifstein, Schlafzimmer, Esszimmer, Zahltag, Denkweise, Waschmaschine, Bauart, Parkverbot, Nährwert Verb-noun compounds in English and German 271 The impression that V-N compounds are more widely distributed in German than in English is confirmed by a glance at the Europarl corpus (cf. Koehn 2005). More often than not, German V-N compounds (which are invariably endocentric) correspond to some other ‘strategy’ in the English component of the corpus. N-N compounds – especially the subtype [ N [ N V-ing ] N] – are most often found as counterparts of German V-N compounds (cf. [2a]), but simple nouns also pro- vide a not uncommon strategy (cf. [2b]): (2) a. Park-ausweis parking permit Trink-wasser drinking water Nähr-boden breeding ground b. Lauf-bahn career Brenn-stoff fuel Fahr-zeug vehicle This situation seems to suggest that the V-N compounds attested in English form a subset of those found in German. However, that this cannot be true can easily be shown by looking at less formal registers, where English features a number of V-N compounds that do not have a formally parallel counterpart in German. Typically, such – exocentric – V-N compounds correspond to ‘synthetic compounds’ of the form N-V-er in German (cf. (3)), but there are also other strategies used to render the relevant meanings (e.g. pickpocket/Taschendieb): (3) break-water Wellen-brech-er cut-throat Hals-abschneid-er spoil-sport Spiel-verderb-er A first generalization that emerges is, thus, that endocentric compounds are more widely distributed in German than in English, whereas exocentric compounds are more numerous in English than in German. This observation will provide the basis for a more detailed comparison in Sections 3 and 4. Before turning to this comparison we will, however, address some problems concerning the identification of V-N compounds in Section 2.2 and the endocentric/exocentric distinction in Section 2.3. Download 170.87 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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