Welcome to International Mathematics Competition Online! Please read carefully the following important instructions
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imc2020day1 problems
Welcome to International Mathematics Competition Online! Please read carefully the following important instructions. There will be 4 problems for 4 hours each day. The teams are free to choose when to start the exam, but all members of the team should start at the same time, with downloading and printing the problems. The teamless students can choose from the three options posted on the IMC website. The problems will be accessible from 0:00 UTC; all downloads will be logged. * You must write your solutions on A4 or US letter papers. * Only the standard drawing tools (pens, straightedges etc.) and printed dictionaries are allowed. * Using any electronic tool or printed material is not allowed. * The scripts should not contain any text, name or mark from which the student can be identified. * The language of the contest is English; solutions written in other languages will not be evaluated. How to write your solutions TURN OFF your mobile phones and all other electronic devices. DO NOT mix work on different problems on the same page. Every page should contain work for ONE problem ONLY. CLEARLY WRITE the number of the problem on the TOP of EACH page. For draft pages, write „DRAFT” on the top of EACH of your draft pages. DO NOT write ANYTHING related to your personality or nationality ANYWHERE. Write your solutions USING PEN and IN ENGLISH ONLY. You may use your language dictionary if you need one. Procedure You have 4 hours for solving the problems and elaborate the solutions. You may ASK QUESTIONS about the meaning of the text of the problems DURING THE FIRST 30 MINUTES ONLY. If you have questions relating to the text of the problems, ask your team leader. If you still need clarification after this, your team leader submit your question to the jury IN WRITING ONLY. You will receive a written answer. Submission At the end of the exam you have to produce 5 files, containing the solutions and draft papers each day: Day 1
prob1.pdf prob2.pdf prob3.pdf prob4.pdf draft1.pdf Day 2
prob5.pdf prob6.pdf prob7.pdf prob8.pdf draft2.pdf The scripts must be uploaded before 24:00 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), but the time between downloading the problems and uploading the scripts should not be longer than 6 hours. You have received your personal upload link. Please use only your own link. For creating the files it is recommended to use the application named CamScanner, available both for Android and Apple based cell phones. Using CamScanner it is easy to make photographs of the papers, crop, resize and rearrange the pages and save the pictures into a PDF. If your phone has internet connection, you can upload the files immediately. The end of the contest day is 24:00. Please keep the problems confidential, and do not share any information about the problem with others until that. At the end of the contest day (24:00 UTC), the solutions will be posted at http://imc-math.org.uk/ IMC 2020 Online First Day, July 26, 2020 Problem 1. Let n be a positive integer. Compute the number of words w (finite sequences of letters) that satisfy all the following three properties: (1) w consists of n letters, all of them are from the alphabet {a, b, c, d}; (2) w contains an even number of letters a; (3) w contains an even number of letters b. (For example, for n = 2 there are 6 such words: aa, bb, cc, dd, cd and dc.) (10 points) Problem 2. Let A and B be n × n real matrices such that rank
(AB − BA + I) = 1 where I is the n × n identity matrix. Prove that tr (ABAB) − tr(A 2 B 2 ) = 1 2 n (n − 1).
(rank (M) denotes the rank of matrix M, i.e., the maximum number of linearly independent columns in M . tr (M) denotes the trace of M, that is the sum of diagonal elements in M.) (10 points) Problem 3. Let d ≥ 2 be an integer. Prove that there exists a constant C(d) such that the following holds: For any convex polytope K ⊂ R d
∈ (0, 1), there exists a convex polytope L ⊂ R d
(d)ε 1−d
vertices such that (1 − ε)K ⊆ L ⊆ K. (For a real α, a set T ⊂ R
d with nonempty interior is a convex polytope with at most α vertices, if T is a convex hull of a set X ⊂ R
d of at most α points, i.e., T = {∑ x∈X
t x x ∣ t x ≥ 0, ∑ x∈X t x = 1}. For a real λ, put λK = {λx ∣ x ∈ K}. A set T ⊂ R d is symmetric about the origin if (−1)T = T.) (10 points) Problem 4. A polynomial p with real coefficients satisfies the equation p (x + 1) − p(x) = x 100 for all
x ∈ R. Prove that p(1 − t) ⩾ p(t) for 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 1/2. (10 points) Download 242.42 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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