William shakespeare

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

Uilyam Shekspir, ingliz yozuvchilarining eng buyuk va eng taniqlisi va, ehtimol, eng katta dramaturg, 1564 yil 23 aprelda Stratford-On-Avonda bomba qo'yilgan edi.

Uning shon-sharafiga qaramay, biz uning hayoti haqida juda kam ma'lumotga egamiz. Olti yoshida uni maktabga yuborishgan, ammo 13 yoshida uni tashlab ketishga majbur bo'lgan. Uning otasi Jon Shekspir qo'lqop ustasi bo'lgan va u qarzga botganida, Uilyam unga savdoda yordam berishga majbur bo'lgan.

Uilyamning o'n to'rtdan o'n sakkizinchi yilgacha qilgan ishlari noma'lum. O'n sakkiz yoshida u Enn Xeteueyga uylandi. Enn eridan sakkiz yosh katta edi va nikoh baxtli emas edi.

Shekspir yigirma bir yoshida Londonga yo'l oldi. U Stratford-Avondan nima uchun ketganini bilmaymiz.

Shekspirning Londondagi birinchi ishi teatr eshigi oldida boy erkaklar otlarini ushlab turishgani haqida hikoya bor. Ammo hech kim bu voqeaning haqiqat ekaniga amin bo'lolmaydi.

Keyinchalik Shekspir aktyor va juda muvaffaqiyatli aktyorlik kompaniyasining a'zosi bo'ldi. Ushbu sahnada birinchi marta "Xatolar komediyasi", Romeo va Jyuletta va Shekspirning boshqa bir qator spektakllari sahnalashtirilgan bo'lishi ehtimoldan holi emas.

Ammo ko'p o'tmay, aktyorlarga teatrlari qurilgan erdan endi foydalana olmasliklarini va kompaniyaning boshqa hech qanday joyi yo'qligini aytishdi. Kechqurun butun teatr qo'shinlari teatrni, yog'ochni yog'ochdan, g'ishtni g'ishtdan ag'darishgan. Ular daryoning narigi tomonidan o'tib, uni qayta qurdilar. Yangi teatr Globe deb nomlandi.

Shekspir Globusi zamonaviy teatrlardan ancha farq qilar edi. Spektakllar ochiq havoda yangradi va yomg'ir yog'sa tomoshabinlar ho'l bo'lishdi. Hech qanday manzara yo'q edi, zambil juda oz edi va faqat bitta yorug'lik yuqoridagi ochiq tomdan tushadigan yorug'lik edi. O'sha paytlarda ayollarning omma oldida chiqishlariga ruxsat berilmagan va barcha qismlarni (hatto Juliet!) Erkaklar o'ynashgan. Tomoshabinlarning aksariyati spektaklni tomosha qilish uchun turishgan va bir-birlari bilan suhbatlashish, agar biron-bir narsa yoqmasa, sahnaga meva berishgan.

Shekspir 37 pyesa yozgan: 10 ta fojia (Gamlet, King Lir, Otello, Makbet), 17 komediya ("Siz xohlaganingizdek, o'n ikkinchi tun", "Hech narsa haqida juda ko'p"), 10 ta tarixiy pyesalar (masalan, Genrix IV, Richard III) .). Shuningdek, u 7 ta she'riy kitobini qoldirgan.

Shekspirning ko'plab pyesalari uning hayotida nashr etilmagan. Shunday qilib, 1613 yilda Globus yoqilganda, ularning ba'zilari olovda yo'qolgan bo'lishi mumkin.

Shekspir umrining so'nggi yillarini Stratfordda o'tkazdi, u erda istehzo bilan vafot etdi, 1616 yil 23 aprelda tug'ilgan kuni. U Stratford cherkoviga dafn qilindi. Vestminster Abbeyidagi Shoira burchagida buyuk dramaturgning xotirasiga haykal o'rnatilgan. 1997 yilda Shekspirning Globusi qayta tiklandi.

Lug’at

dramaturg

shon-sharaf

savdo

nikoh

ushlab turish (ushlab turish)

a'zosi

omadli

amaldagi kompaniya

ijro etmoq

bosqichi

ammo

tomoshabinlar

manzara

yoritish

kunduzi

harakat qilmoq

fojia

komediya

cherkov

yodgorlik

qurmoq

xotirasiga

tiklash uchun

1.Javoblar

1)The William Shakespeare was and created many things

2)William Shakespeare, the greatest and most famous of English writers, and probably the greatest playwright who has ever lived, was bom on the 23d of April, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon.

3) His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker, and when he fell into debt, William had to help him in the trade.

4)There is a story that Shakespeare's first job in London was holding rich men's horses at the theatre door. But nobody can be sure that this story is true.

5)Very soon, however, the actors were told that they could no longer use the land that their theatre was built on and the company had nowhere else to perform. There is a story that in the dead of night the whole acting troop took down their theatre, timber by timber, brick by brick. They carried it across the river and rebuilt it. The new theatre was called the Globe.

6)Shakespeare's Globe was rather different from modern theatres. The plays were performed in the open air and the audience got wet if it rained. There was no scenery, very few props, and the only lighting was the daylight that came from the open roof above. Women in those days weren't allowed to act in public and all the parts (even Juliet!) were played by men.

7)Shakespeare wrote 37 plays: 10 tragedies (such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth), 17 comedies (such as As You Like It, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing), 10 historical plays (such as Henry IV, Richard III.). He also left 7 books of poems.