Xorazm ma’mun akademiyasi axborotnomasi – /2019 Ўзбекистон республикаси фанлар академияси минтақавий бўлими

XORAZM MA’MUN AKADEMIYASI AXBOROTNOMASI –6(2)/2020
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At present, a lachak is worn only by old women as a traditional head wearing. Young women 
have replaced the old lachak with a variety of modern sheets. As we have above mentioned, lachak is a 
head wearing of not only Khorezmian women, but also other Turkic, Karakalpakkirgyzian and other 
nation’s women. It shows that there has long been a sign of close neighborly relations between related 
nations. 
Traditional folk art, which for centuries passed from generation to generation in Khiva khanate, 
was one of the most popular forms of art in Khorezm. It is impossible to imagine the wedding 
ceremonies, especially the lachak parties without it. Women in Khorezm region, who are called halfas, 
are well-versed in the literature, singing, playing dance, playing circles. At the end of the 19
th
and the 
beginning of the 20
th
century, the halfas were singing with a single lined plain accordion. The halfas like 
HanimjonSaidahmadkizi, AnajonSobirova, Onabibikori (Ojiza) were masters of playing accordion and 
singing. Most of the halfas who were working either individually or as a group did not use a musical 
instrument, but sang tapping two cups or plates to one another. There were 3 people in the group – a 
halfa, tambouriner and dancer. The halfas mainly served among women in weddings, festivals and 
mourning ceremonies and from the sunset till the dawn with gazelles, folk epics, songs, also they 
composed songs according to the character of of the being ceremony. They raised the spirits of people 
making ceremonies, parties of girls and women and weddings lively[3]. It is noteworthy that the 
Khorezmhalfas sang not only the truth and justice, but also poems and gazelles reflecting the unsatisfied 
desires and sorrows of Uzbek women. Particularly, in the song “Kizlarxarobbuldi (The Girls Fell)” 
about the horrible destiny of the poor girls brought into the kharam of Asfcendiyer forcedly reflected the 
unsatisfied desires of poor girls who were harshly separated from her parents or from her beloved boy, it 
was a reflection of the innocent girls who were punished for resisting the khan and this was a great 
demonstration of courage to sing this sog openly. The halfas, who had done this, found themselves 
under the pressure of officials and scholars. They even abused the halfas as “leaders of women astray” 
or “women without any belief of Islam”. Because of the dissatisfaction of some of the khanate’s policies 
in the halfa’s creativity, their creation would not only appeal to women, but also to men who would be 
able to listen to it aloud[4]. For example, in the weddings attended by Shukurjonhalfa from Khiva, the 
men listened to the songs of the halfa and watched them play from holes and door of the women’s 
banquet hall and room. At that time the following halfas were worth the respect and attraction of the 
Khorezmian people with their creation and essecution in Khiva khanate like Shukurjon halfa, Sharifa 
halfa, Joni halfa, Anash Maryam, Bibijon halfa Kasimova, Durkhanim halfa Kurbondarozova from 
Khanka, Kish halfa Khasanova, Ayitjon halfa Safaeva, Guljonkari halfa, Oysha kulol halfa Iskandarova, 
Yokut halfa Vafoeva, Sharifa Otasheva, Ugiljan Kuryazova, Yokut halfa Seyitniyozova and others. 
They composed songs from poems by Navoi, Makhtumkuli and other classic poets and sang those 
songs. 
Khanimjan suvchi halfa was a prominent figure in the Khorezm, with poems that reflected 
injustice against women and served for some time in the palace of Muhammad Rahimkhon with the 
nickname “Suvchi”. She was famous for her songs like “O'larbo'ldikbuxonlarningdastidan (We were 
tired of the khans)”, “Umringyig'labo'tgaybevafozolim (we wish crying all life, you tyrant)”, 
“Naylayinarmonliketdim (What should I do, I passed unsatisfied)”. Her student AnajonhalfaSobirova 
performed folk songs and was famous for playing accordion and dancing from the age of 16. As a result 
of the officials’ slander, Asfendiyar khan ordered to put Onajonhalfa who continued her teacher’s 
traditions, Hanimjon Suvchi and MomoTalminhalfas into a sack and strike them with stick for hundred 
times. But after such insults and abuses, the halfas continued to show their art to the country. 
Men and women, who are 80 years old, celebrated their 1000
th
month wedding in Khorezm. Their 
peers and relatives greeted them with gifts and carried out weddings making tables. In addition, families 
who have lived together for 50 years also celebrated their “cilver weddings” and families who have 
lived together for 70-80 years celebrated their “golden weddings”.